Numbers in Chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

What is an analog measuring device?

A

A device in which there is a scale that must be interpreted; it is not digital.

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2
Q

What is the uncertainty for an analog device?

A

Plus or minus one-half the smallest increment.

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3
Q

What is the uncertainty for a digital device?

A

Plus or minus the smallest decimal place.

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4
Q

A digital scale reads 50.67 g. What is the uncertainty? What does this mean about the measurement?

A

Uncertainty= plus or minus 0.01 g. This means that the actual measurement is somewhere between 50.66 g and 50.68 g.

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5
Q

It is important to use significant figures to…

A

Report measurements to reflect the accuracy of the equipment used.

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6
Q

Which digits are always significant?

A

1-9.

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7
Q

Zeros between significant figures are…

A

Significant. (Ex. 5,007 has 4 sig figs.)

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8
Q

When are trailing zeros in a number significant?

A

Trailing zeros are significant only if the number has a decimal point. Ex: 100.00 has 5 sig figs, but 100 has 1 sig fig.

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9
Q

Zeros in the beginning of a number whose only function is to place the decimal point are…

A

Not significant. Ex: 0.0025 has 2 sig figs.

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10
Q

Zeros following a decimal significant figure are…

A

Significant. Ex: 0.4700 has 4 sig figs.

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11
Q

How do you use sig figs when multiplying or dividing?

A

Round your final answer to the least number of sig figs. Ex: 1.5 x 5= 7.5, but since 5 has only 1 sig fig, we round the final answer to 8.

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12
Q

How do you add or subtract with sig figs?

A

Round your final answer to the least accurate decimal place.

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13
Q

What is percent error?

A

A way for scientistst to express how far off a laboratory value is from the commonly accepted value.

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14
Q

How do you calculate percent error?

A

Find the absolute value of this: (Accepted value-experimental value) / accepted value. Then multiply that by 100.

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15
Q

The Metric System is also known as…

A

The International System of Units or S.I.

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16
Q

The metric system was developed in this country:

And this year:

A

France, 1790

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17
Q

The metric system is a base___system.

A

Base 10 system.

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18
Q

Mass is measured in…

A

Grams. g.

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19
Q

Volume is measured in…

A

Liters. L.

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20
Q

Distance is measured in…

A

Meters. m.

21
Q

Time is measured in…

A

Seconds. s.

22
Q

Temperature is measured in…

A

Degrees Celsius or Kelvin. C or K.

23
Q

Substance quantity is measured in…

A

Moles. mol.

24
Q

1 mL is equivalent to what other measurement of volume?

A

1 mL=1 cm^3 (cc)

25
Q

List the prefixes from least to greatest.

A

Micro, milli, centi, deci, deca, hecto, kilo, Mega, Giga

26
Q

The symbol and value for micro

A

Fancy m, 1 x 10^-6

27
Q

Symbol and value for milli

A

m, 1 x 10^-3

28
Q

Symbol and value for centi

A

c, 1 x 10^-2

29
Q

Symbol and value for deci

A

d, 1 x 10^-1

30
Q

Symbol and value for deca

A

da, 1 x 10^1

31
Q

Symbol and value for hecto

A

h, 1 x 10^2

32
Q

Symbol and value for kilo

A

k, 1 x 10^3

33
Q

Symbol and value for Mega

A

M, 1 x 10^6

34
Q

Symbol and value for Giga

A

G, 1 x 10^9

35
Q

Formula for velocity

A

Velocity=distance/time

36
Q

Formula for density

A

Density=mass/volume

37
Q

Formula for pressure

A

Pressure=force/area

38
Q

Velocity is measured as…

A

m/s or meters per second

39
Q

Density is measured as…

A

g/mL or grams per milliliter

40
Q

Pressure is measured as…(metric)

A

N/m^2 or Newtons per square meter

41
Q

How does the English System measure pressure?

A

psi or lb/in^2 (pounds per square inch)

42
Q

When you put numbers is scientific notation, make sure to always include…

A

Significant zeros.

43
Q

What is dimensional analysis?

A

Using unit conversion factors/ratios to solve quantitative problems.

44
Q

What are derived units?

A

Units that come from a calculated value.

45
Q

Density is an ___ ____property.

A

Intrinsic physical property.

46
Q

Formula for density

A

Mass/volume

47
Q

Formula for mass

A

Density * volume

48
Q

Formula for volume

A

Mass/density

49
Q

Interpret this: 78,000 +- 1 in scientific notation

A

The plus/minus one means keep it accurate to the ones place. So in scientific notation, it would be 7.8000 x 10^4.