quiz on alveolar process and pdl Flashcards
part of the bony maxilla and mandible that supports the teeth
alveolar process
the other part of the bony maxilla or mandible that is apical to the roots of the teeth is called
basal bone
existence of presence of alveolar bone is dependent on the presence of
dental roots
when teeth are extracted, alveolar bone will generally
resorb in edentulous area
what helps preserve the integrity of bone and provide permanent place of a lost tooth
implant
what cells are in alveolar bone
osteoblast, cytes clasts
what fibrous matrix in alveolar bone
collagen(main) calcified by deposition of calcium hydroxyapetite
ground substance of alveolar bone
proteoglycans
alveolar bone proper is the
lining of the tooth socket or alveolus
compact bone(cortical bone) contains
haversian system
what is the outer cortical plate make up
face, cheek, lip, buccal
what does the inner cortical plate make up
face, tongue, palate, lingual
cancellous or spongy bone called
trabecular bone
sandwiched between cortical plates
cancellous bone
composed of trabecular bone separated by bone marrow
cancellous bone
alveolar bone proper also called alveolus is made of
compact bone
faces the root of the tooth and follows the general outline of the tooth
alveolar bone proper
the most cervical rim of the alveolar bone proper
alveolar crest
another names for alveolar bone proper
cribiform plate or bundle bone
sharpeys fibers insert into alveolar bone or cementum at
90 degree angle or right angle
alveolar bone proper contains small numerous openings that allows _____ _____ and _____ in the pdl and bone to communicate
blood vessels; nerves
radiographic term; radiopacity occurs in alveolar bone proper area
lamina dura
geometry of the area; possibly the orientation of crystals around the attached fiber bundles
lamina dura
alveolar bone is easily remodeled(allows tooth movement)
tooth movement
tooth movement involves major remodeling of the _______ to compensate for root growth, facial growth, and changes in positional relations of the primary and permanent teeth
alveolar process
allows for extra space, small permanent premolars replace larger primary molars
accomodation occurs as the leeway space
also called physiological drift; natural movement in which all the teeth move toward midline overtime
mesial drift
tooth moving in occlusal direction occurs when there is no opposing tooth; extracted tooth can cause both supereruption and mesial drift
supereruption or occlusal drift
artificial movement
orthodontic
occurs in the direction the tooth is being moved
bone resorption
the compression stimulates ____ to resorb bone
osteoclasts
when there is tension on the pdl on the opposite surface of the root occurs, there is an increase in number of
fibroblasts, osteoblasts, and cementoblasts to form new structures
occurs when compression is too great or too rapid
hyalinization of the pdl
where may bone loss occur
bony surface of the socket, on cementum of the root surface or both- can be reversed by deposition of bone and cementum in the are of resorption-area of reversal
during chronic periodontal disease or periodontitis(disease that affects periodontium)
bone tissue is lost
where is bone loss first noted?
alveolar crest and slowly continues down alveolar bone
with periodontal disease, the toot becomes increasingly
mobile and tooth loss becomes possible
two terms for bone loss
fenestration vs Dehiscence
what is pdl
a dense ct located between alveolar bone proper and cementum
pdl contributes to
the attachment of the tooth
pdl develops from
dental follicle
what two types of fibers from pdl
gingival fibers and principal fibers
between fiber; loos ct, blood vessel and nerves
interstitial spaces
cells of the pdl
fibroblast, mast, phagocytes, osteoclasts, cementoblasts, osteoctes, epithelial rests of mallasez
most common and produce the fibrous matrix and ground substance(pdl)
fibroblasts
responsible for bone resorption in pdl( in tooth movement and perio)
osteoclasts
ground substance for pdl
proteoglycans
fibrous matrix of pdl does what
distribute forces(exerted on tooth during mastication) and act as a shock absorber
does pdl have a fast turnover rate?
yes
surrounds roots of the tooth and anchors the tooth in the socket. organized in bundles based on their orientation and their function. sharpeys fibers
alveolodental ligament
at the ends of principal fibers inserted into periodontium at 90 degree right angles
sharpeys fibers
extended from the cervical cementum to the alveolar crest
alveolar crest fibers
what is the 1st fiber effected when have perio?
alveolar crest fibers
extends at right angles to the long axis of the root in a horizontal plane from the cementum to the alveolar bone
horizontal fibers
found in cervical 1/3 of root or midroot(pdl)
horizontal fibers
slants occlusally from the cementum to the alveolar bone(biggest group of fibers, starts at apical 2/3 of root
oblique fibers
radiate from the apical cementum into the alveolar bone
apical fibers
seen only in multirooted teeth; extends from cementum in furcation area of tooth to cemenum of other root superficial to interradicular septum
interradicular fibers
fibers travel from the cervical cementum of one tooth and to the adjacent tooth over the alveolar bone between teeth;
interdental(transseptal)
only on m and d surfaces, helps keep teeth in line; no bony attachments; toot to tooth
interdental (transseptal)
located around the necks of teeth in the marginal gingiva
gingival fibers
what are the gingival fibers (pdl)
circumferential(circular)
dentogingival ligament
alveologingival fibers
dentoperiosteal
encircles the most cervical part of the tooth
circumferential
inserts in the cementum of the root and extends into marginal gingiva(tooth to gingiva)
dentogingival ligament
extend form the alveolar crest and radiate coronally into the marginal gingiva(bone to gingiva)
alveologingival fibers
course from the cementum (near cej) across the alveolar crest into the gingiva
dentoperiosteal
interstitial spaces(can get crushed and damaged)
located between bundles of fibers
appear in cross section and longitudinal planes
carries vascular and neural structures
can withstand masticatory forces
a radiolucent area between the radiopaque alveolar bone proper and the radiopaque cementum
pdl appears as periodontal space
how does periodontal space show on x ray
dark- not mineralized
measurement of periodontal space
.4-.15 mm
rich and developed vessels are found in
interstitial spaces (pdl)
each tooth has a common blood supply. a small artery enters:
apical foramen-supplies pulp
pdl- supplies areas all around the tooth
alveolar bone
pdl vessels are richly_____ with alveolar bone
interconnected
width of the pdl is greater in ____ than___
young adults; old adults
width of pdl is greater in ___ and ___ portions
cervical and midroot
width is related to the
amount of function of the tooth(varies with functional forces on tooth and at different levels
functions of pdl
supportive(support teeth)
sensory and proprioceptive(abundance of nerves)
nutritive(bv supply pdl, cementum, alveolar bone)
maintenance(form and respond to environment)
balls of cementum
cementicles
leftover of hertwigs root sheath
epithelial rests of mallasez
remnants of the root sheath that did not disintegrate; potential to become cystic
epithelial rests of mallasez
can result in damage to the supporting apparatus of the tooth. can eventually lead to tooth loss
untreated periodontal disease
first fiber of group to become lost during chronic periodontal disease
alveolar crest group
the destruction of the pdl then proceedes where
apically( bone loss can be in furcation area)
what are all the principal fibers
alveolar ligament horizontal fibers oblique fibers apical fibers interradicular fibers
