quiz nov 26 Flashcards
What is osmosis? What is a hypertonic solution?
Osmosis: a process by which molecules of a solvent tend to pass through a semipermeable membrane from a less concentrated solution into a more concentrated one
- Isotonic: same concentration
- Hypertonic: higher concentration
- Hypotonic: lower concentration
What is unity?
Unity: All species share underlying mechanisms for capturing and storing energy, manufacturing proteins, and transmitting information between generations (DNA)
How old is life?
Life is at least 3.6-3.9 Gy old.
How did Carbon arrive to the Earth?
Organic carbon arrived Earth by comets, asteroids, meteors and
interplanetary dust particles during its birth
What s the name of the zone that is the vast bulk of the ocean where sunlight doesnt reach?
aphotic zone
What is evolution? What is natural selection? What is speciation? Why do organisms evolve?
- Evolution = change over time. Maintenance of Life under changing conditions by continuous adaptation of successive generations of a species to its environment
- Natural selection: Differential survival of individuals due to a better fitness, which leads to more reproductive success. It is the mechanism through which living beings evolve (change).
What does metabolic rate increase with?
Temperature
Do endothermic organisms have high internal temperature or they increase the temperature taking energy from their surroundings? True or false: Is ectothermic “warm blooded”?
high internal temperature.
cold blooded - temperatures that remain very close to that of the surroundings
What is an example of a physical factor?
Light, temperature, dissolved nutrients, acid-base balance, salinity, dissolved gases, and hydrostatic pressure
What comes first the chicken or the egg? and why?
egg
Which are the 3 main domains for life
Bacteria, Archaea (extremophiles), and Eukarya
What are the 3 levels where photosynthesis is affected in the ocean:
EDA
Euphotic, Disphotic, Aphotic
What are food webs?
Food webs disperse energy through communities
• Autotrophs (producers)
Organisms that make their own food
• Heterotrophs (primary consumers, secondary consumers/carnivores, top consumers) Organisms that must consume other organisms for energy
• Trophic pyramid
A model that describes the feeding hierarchy
what is the difference between archaea, bacteria, and eukarya?
Bacteria and Archaea: Small, single-celled organisms with no distinct compartments. Eukarya: Usually multicellular with nuclei and organelles
What is a mass extinction? How many big mass extinctions have occurred in the last 450 million years?
6 if count today ́s extinction
Does oxygen easily dissolve in water?
no
When does red light disappear in the ocean?
In the first meter of depth
What is an homologous character?
Homologous characters: characters inherited from a common ancestor that also had that character
What is convergent evolution?
Convergent evolution: When marine beings without a common ancestor resemble each other in a specific character.
Why is genetic variability good for a species?
Higher chances for the carriers of variation to survive to changes in the environment
How do we preserve biodiversity?
1) Protect species of flora and fauna 2) Protect habitats and ecosystems 3) Manage natural resources. If we want to protect biodiversity, we have to study it.
What is DDT?
pesticide causing eagle extinction
What are the main cause of extinction today?
1) Destruction of habitats 2) Overharvesting of species 3) Introduction of non-native species 4) Pollution 5) Climate change
What is the taxonomic impediment?
difficulty identifying species -> ecological and conservation studies lack scientific names
What is a richness of a species? And species evenness?
richness - lots of diversity
evenness - more common than rare
Community (biocenosis)
Many populations of different organisms that interact in a particular location. Living (biotic) component of an ecosystem
Ecology
science that studies how organisms interact with one another and with their environment
Population
group of organisms of the same species living together in the same location
