quiz nov 26

Question 1

What is osmosis? What is a hypertonic solution?

Answer 1

Osmosis: a process by which molecules of a solvent tend to pass through a semipermeable membrane from a less concentrated solution into a more concentrated one

• Isotonic: same concentration
• Hypertonic: higher concentration
• Hypotonic: lower concentration

Question 2

What is unity?

Answer 2

Unity: All species share underlying mechanisms for capturing and storing energy, manufacturing proteins, and transmitting information between generations (DNA)

Question 3

How old is life?

Answer 3

Life is at least 3.6-3.9 Gy old.

Question 4

How did Carbon arrive to the Earth?

Answer 4

Organic carbon arrived Earth by comets, asteroids, meteors and
interplanetary dust particles during its birth

Question 5

What s the name of the zone that is the vast bulk of the ocean where sunlight doesnt reach?

Answer 5

aphotic zone

Question 6

What is evolution? What is natural selection? What is speciation? Why do organisms evolve?

Answer 6

• Evolution = change over time. Maintenance of Life under changing conditions by continuous adaptation of successive generations of a species to its environment
• Natural selection: Differential survival of individuals due to a better fitness, which leads to more reproductive success. It is the mechanism through which living beings evolve (change).

Question 7

What does metabolic rate increase with?

Answer 7

Temperature

Question 8

Do endothermic organisms have high internal temperature or they increase the temperature taking energy from their surroundings? True or false: Is ectothermic “warm blooded”?

Answer 8

high internal temperature.

cold blooded - temperatures that remain very close to that of the surroundings

Question 9

What is an example of a physical factor?

Answer 9

Light, temperature, dissolved nutrients, acid-base balance, salinity, dissolved gases, and hydrostatic pressure

Question 10

What comes first the chicken or the egg? and why?

Answer 10

egg

Question 11

Which are the 3 main domains for life

Answer 11

Bacteria, Archaea (extremophiles), and Eukarya

Question 12

What are the 3 levels where photosynthesis is affected in the ocean:

Answer 12

EDA

Euphotic, Disphotic, Aphotic

Question 13

What are food webs?

Answer 13

Food webs disperse energy through communities

• Autotrophs (producers)
Organisms that make their own food

• Heterotrophs (primary consumers, secondary consumers/carnivores, top consumers) Organisms that must consume other organisms for energy

• Trophic pyramid
A model that describes the feeding hierarchy

Question 14

what is the difference between archaea, bacteria, and eukarya?

Answer 14

Bacteria and Archaea: Small, single-celled organisms with no distinct compartments. Eukarya: Usually multicellular with nuclei and organelles

Question 15

What is a mass extinction? How many big mass extinctions have occurred in the last 450 million years?

Answer 15

6 if count today ́s extinction

Question 16

Does oxygen easily dissolve in water?

Answer 16

no

Question 17

When does red light disappear in the ocean?

Answer 17

In the first meter of depth

Question 18

What is an homologous character?

Answer 18

Homologous characters: characters inherited from a common ancestor that also had that character

Question 19

What is convergent evolution?

Answer 19

Convergent evolution: When marine beings without a common ancestor resemble each other in a specific character.

Question 20

Why is genetic variability good for a species?

Answer 20

Higher chances for the carriers of variation to survive to changes in the environment

Question 21

How do we preserve biodiversity?

Answer 21

1) Protect species of flora and fauna 2) Protect habitats and ecosystems 3) Manage natural resources. If we want to protect biodiversity, we have to study it.

Question 22

What is DDT?

Answer 22

pesticide causing eagle extinction

Question 23

What are the main cause of extinction today?

Answer 23

1) Destruction of habitats 2) Overharvesting of species 3) Introduction of non-native species 4) Pollution 5) Climate change

Question 24

What is the taxonomic impediment?

Answer 24

difficulty identifying species -> ecological and conservation studies lack scientific names

Question 25

What is a richness of a species? And species evenness?

Answer 25

richness - lots of diversity

evenness - more common than rare

Question 26

Community (biocenosis)

Answer 26

Many populations of different organisms that interact in a particular location. Living (biotic) component of an ecosystem

Question 27

Ecology

Answer 27

science that studies how organisms interact with one another and with their environment

Question 28

Population

Answer 28

group of organisms of the same species living together in the same location