Quiz/Lec. 1 & 2 Flashcards
Why is understanding CV anatomy, physiology, and underlying principles of the ECG important?
Bc it helps us gauge an understanding of someone ‘s heart health.
-The earlier the abnormality is detected, the more severe the problem. Abnormalities detected later in a test means manifestations may only occur after or during intense stress/activity
Electrocardiographic (ECG) interpretation requires a basic knowledge of what?
ECG technology, cardiac anatomy, cardiac physiology and the ability to recognize diagnostic patterns on a 12-lead tracing.
What is a graded exercise test (GXT)?
A test that evaluates and individual’s physiological response to STAGED increases in exercise intensity. (It’s a modality that stresses the body in increments to see how it responds)
- THE GOAL: Provoke an abnormality IF one exist.
List 8 reasons as to why a GXT may be used?
*HINT: 3 reasons have to do with fitness testing and 5 have to do with clinical testing
In fitness it is used to determine:
- Functional capacity;
- Appropriate exercise intensities and energy
expenditures for patients
- Exercise program effectiveness
In clinical settings it is used to:
- diagnosis Coranary Artery Disease (CAD) in patients
w/ chest pain
- Evaluate disease severity in patients w/ CAD or
Stable Agina
- Determine the severity of silent ischemia in patients
w/ multiple risk factors
- Evaluate other cardiac abnormalities and pathologies
- Assess the efficacy of drug treatment
What do GXT measure?
In general it measures Heart function under increased stress/demand.
(The outcomes tells you level of severity and
potential diagnosis.)
But specifically it measures:
1. ECG
2. HR
3. Blood Pressure
4. Perceived Exertion
5. Anginal Pain
6. Work Rate (Intensity)
7. Time
8. Gas Exchange (i.e. via VO2 consumption and RER)
^ ^ ^ usually done for performance and fitness test,
not for general health-related testing
Watch video; create something 4 slide 30
He talked about slide 30 a lot.
What is the myocardium and where is it located/porportioned?
it is the middle layer of the heart
It is the largest part of the heart
It is our cardiac muscle tissue
What happens to cardiac muscles (e.g. the myocardium) during training?
You get left ventricle (LV) hypertrophy (by way of RT) and you get lumen dilation the LV which leads to an increase in chamber volume & size (by way of endurance training)
WHY just the left side?
Bc the the LV is responsible for our systemic circuit and therefore provides blood to the whole body (Big task/heavy lifting requires big muscle(s)), while our RV is only responsible for our pulmonary circuit, e.g. getting blood from the heart to lungs
Remember: The type of adaption is contingent on the type of training.
Following ventricular remodelling, hypertrophic adaptations lead to what?
More forceful cardiac contractions
Following ventricular remodelling, an increased chamber size from aerobic adaptions, causes what valve to be greater in size?
Semilunar valve
Stopped ch 1 here
continue it..
What happens if we have an increase in our sympathetic drive/system? Why? And What are the associating nerves that are triggered?
we have an increased HR and contractility.
Likely bc we endured some sort of physioligical/emotional stress that trigggered our flight or fight respose.
Our cardia accelator nerves
What happens if we have an increase in our parasympathetic drive/system? Why? And what associating never(s) are triggered?
HR decreases
Why, bc the parasymp. system prevents the body from overworking and helps restore it to a calm, composed state.
The vegas nerves, which help decrease HR
inotropic (increases contractility), chronotropic (increases heart rate)
These are referred to chrontropic and inotropic effects
The heart has several pacemakers known as autonomic foci that fire at its own intrinstic rate. What is the main one, what makes it special and how many bpm does it pro
The Sa node
It is the main node. If the SA node depolarizes it overrides the AV nodes via”override suppressions” Bc it has the highest rate, it depolar. All other nodes (I.e. overrides everything) so multiple nodes wont be triggering at the same time. it can initiate “override suppression” bc it has teh highest depolaration override power 60 - 100bpm
What can effect or modify a resting heart rate?
Stress Drugs, Disease state Environment Psychological state Training
