Quiz IV Flashcards
(4) Functions of the Resp. System
oxygen carbon dioxide change
regulation of acid-base balance
Body temp. regulation
Voice production
Which of the following is not an example of methylxanthine?
aminophylline, theophylline, caffeine, theobromine are all examples off it
All of the following are f(x) of the resp tract except:
production of sodium bicarbonate to aid in regulation of acid base balance
_______ drugs that liquiefy and dilute viscid secretions of the resp tract, thereby helping to evacuate those secretions
Expectorants
______ are drugs that inhibit or suppress coughing
antitussives
_______ ______ is used for the relief of chronic nonproductive coughs in dogs and for analgesia and pre-anesthesia in dogs and cats
burtorphanol tartrate
Drug products with codeine alone are in what class schedule before controlled substances?
class II
Temaril-P is a combo product that contains a centrally acting antitussive (trimeprazine tartrate) and _______.
prednisolone
Aminophylline and theophylline are _______ derivatives.
methylxanthine
_______ drugs that reduce the congestion of nasal membranes by reducing associated swelling.
decongestants
_______ are substances that are used to block the effects of histamine.
antihistamines
Solu-Delta-Cortef is a brand name for ________.
prednisolone sodium succinate
Used in cases of bacterial infection in the resp. tract and may be administered parentally or by nebulization
Antimicrobials
Used to treat resp. dz in which pulmonary edema is a major problem
Diuretics
Respiratory stimulant: used for stimulation of the respiration during and after anesthesia and to speed awakening and restoration of reflexes from anesthesia.
Dopram
One of the most overused drugs that tx symptoms, not the cause
Corticosteroids
Used primarily in the tx of allergic resp. conditions. Used in tx of equine heaves, feline asthma, acute rep. distress & allergic pneumonia.
Corticosteroids
Have strong anti-inflammatory effects locally in the lungs and are rapidly biodegraded when absorbed into general circulation
Corticosteroids
List some corticosteroids
Prednisolone
Dexamethasone
Triamcinolone (Vetalog)
Substances that are used to block the effect of histamine, are used for the tx of allergic resp conditions (also used for their antiemetic effect)
Antihistamines
Released from mast cells by the allergic response and combines with H1 receptors on bronchiole smooth muscle to cause bronchoconstriction
Histamine
List some antihistamines
Diphenhydramine (human approved )
Hydroxyzine (Atarax)
Cetirizine (xyrtec)
_______ results in decreased production of ______ by the goblet cells and relaxation of smooth muscle in the walls of the bronchioles leading to bronchodilatation
Sympathetic stimulation, mucus
The terms that describes the parasympathetic stimulation that causes increased secretion of mucus and constriction of smooth muscle
Bronchoconstriction
What term is describes: reduces surface tension of the alveoli and helps to keep them from collapsing.
surfactant
What are the Principles of Resp. therapeutic
control of secretions (decrease production increase elimination, made less sticky by the use of nebulization of mucolytics)
control of reflexes (suppressed coughing by the use of antitussives or bronchodilators if the cough is nonproductive)
maintaining airflow to the alveoli
The conversion of a liquid into a fine mist or colloidal suspension in air
aerosolization (neblulization)
Found in a few vet-label products and in many human-label product OTC cough preparations. Relief symptoms related to Upper resp. tract conditions
Guaifenesin
Example of a Guaifenesin
Robitussin
What is the antidote for Acetaminophen
Mucolytics: Acetylcysteine
Drugs that inhibit or suppress coughing. Classified as centrally or peripherally acting.
Antitussives
Centrally acting agents suppress coughing by _______.
depressing the cough center in the brain
Peripheral acting agents _______.
depress cough receptors in the airways
Why are peripheral acting antitussives seldom used in vet med
prepared as cough drops or lozenges
Used to relief of chronic nonproductive coughs in dogs and for analgesia and preanesthesics in dogs/cat (schedule IV)
Butorphanol tartrate
Used as an antitussive for harsh, nonproductive coughs in dogs (schedule III)
Hydrocodone: Hycodan & Tussigon
Schedule V opiate agonist that is used as an antitussive in human-label combination product
Codeine
A non-narcotic antitussive thats is chemically similar to codeine
Dextromethorphan (robitussin DM)
A combination product that contains a centrally acting antitussive and corticosteroid
Temaril-P
contraction of smooth muscle fibers may occur from the 3 following basic mechanisms:
- Release of acetylcholine at parasympathetic nerve end or inhibition of acetylcholinesterase
- Release of histamine through allergic of inflammatory mechanism
- Blockade of beta2-adrenergic receptors by drugs
What are the 4 bronchodilators
cholinergic blockers, antihistamines, beta2-adregenic agonist, Methylxanthines
Beta2-adregenic agonist dosage forms
epinephrine, albuterol
Both: aminophylline and theophylline inhibit an enzyme called _______.
Phosphodiesterase
When Beta2 receptors are stimulated a chemical messenger called ___________ is released in smooth muscle to complete the cell relaxation response to allow dilation
cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cyclic AMP)
Dosage forms of Methylxanthines
Slo-bid
Theophylline (time release)
Aminophylline (generic)
Anti-anxiety meds: Treatment for fears & phobias, separation anxiety, aggression, urine marking & appetite stimulants
Benzodiazepines: valium, xanax
Anti-anxiety meds: control urine spraying, control of fearfulness & anxiety
Azapirones (Buspar)
Anti-anxiety meds: Tx of separation anxiety, obsessive disorders, fearful aggression, hyperactivity, hyper-vocalization & urine marking
Tricyclics: clomicalm
