QUIZ FINALS CRAM

Question 1

Evidence of past infection

Answer 1

Viral DNA

Question 2

Parts of ribosomes

Answer 2

rRNA genes

Question 3

Connect mRNA codons to amino acids

Answer 3

tRNA genes

Question 4

Largest constrictions in chromosomes, providing attachments points for spindle fibers

Answer 4

centromeres

Question 5

protect chromosome tips

Answer 5

telomeres

Question 6

control translation of many genes

Answer 6

MicroRNAs

Question 7

Inactivates one X chromosomes in cells of females

Answer 7

Xist RNA

Question 8

Two gamma + two alpha HbF

Answer 8

fetus

Question 9

two beta + two alpha HbA

Answer 9

adult

Question 10

two alpha chains is encoded on

Answer 10

chromosome 11

Question 11

two beta chains is encoded on

Answer 11

chromosome 16

Question 12

Two nucleotide primers

Answer 12

forward and reverse

Question 13

3 steps of PCR reaction

Answer 13

denaturation, annealing, extension

Question 14

94°C The Heat strongly separate, or denature, the DNA strands.

Answer 14

denaturation

Question 15

temp. is decreased to 50-60°C which allows
primers to attach to complementary sequences

Answer 15

annealing

Question 16

temp. is raised at 72-74°C just below the
optimum of Taq polymerase

Answer 16

extension

Question 17

developed to increase sensitivity and specificity of PCR

Answer 17

nested pcr

Question 18

transcriptase enzyme is converted to cDNA molecule and then
utilized as template sequence for following PCR reaction

Answer 18

reverse pcr

Question 19

utilized multiple primer sets in a single PCR reaction to produce amplicons with different
sizes

Answer 19

multiplex pcr

Question 20

is accomplished by capturing or isolating each individual nucleic acid molecule present in
a sample within many chambers, zones, or regions that can localize and concentrate the
amplification product to detectable levels

Answer 20

digital pcr

Question 21

fluorophore-linked probes for specific PCR product detection

Answer 21

fluorescent dye-based real-time pcr

Question 22

small fragments

Answer 22

faster and farther

Question 23

large fragment

Answer 23

slowly

Question 24

supercoiled circular DNA, relaxed circular DNA and linear DNA of the same
molecular weight will migrate at different rates through the gel

Answer 24

DNA conformation

Question 25

Rate of migration is proportional to the voltage applied ↑voltage ↑rate of migration

Answer 25

voltage applied

Question 26

Composition and ionic strength affects DNA mobility

Answer 26

electrophoresis buffer

Question 27

for rapid recovery of DNA from gel

Answer 27

Gels @35 oC; Melts @ 65 oC

Question 28

DNA fragments ranging 1kb to 25kb

Answer 28

Gels @ 35-38 oC; Mets @ 90-95 oC

Question 29

steps of genome sequencing

Answer 29

DNA shearing, DNA bar-coding, Whole genome sequencing, Data analysis

Question 30

a sample population of purified DNA is digested with one or more restriction endonucleases,
generating fragments that are several hundred to thousands of base pairs in length.

Answer 30

southern blot

Question 31

is a variant of Southern blotting in which the samples contain undigested RNA instead of DNA.

Answer 31

northern blot

Question 32

he molecule of interest is a protein and the probe is typically an antibody raised against that particular protein.

Answer 32

western blot