Karyotyping and banding

Question 1

complete set of chromosomes in a species or in an individual organism and for a test that detects this complement or measures the number

Answer 1

Karyotype

Question 2

the study of a whole set of chromosomes

Answer 2

Karyology

Question 3

the chromosome are depicted in a standard format, to understand various banding techniques and their applications

Answer 3

Karyogram or ideogram

Question 4

blood collected through routine venipuncture and placed on a green-top vacutainer (contains heparin as the anticoagulant)

Answer 4

Heparinized blood

Question 5

sample of the liquid portion of the bone marrow is withdrawn

Answer 5

Bone marrow aspiration

Question 6

may be used to stimulate mitotic division of lymphocytes maintained in a cell culture system and facilitate cytogenetic studies

Answer 6

Phytohemagglutinin

Question 7

Subsequent experience has shown that PHA is the most universally effective and convenient stimulant of lymphocytes from many animal species. The widespread popularity of peripheral blood culture as a means of chromosome analysis has been largely dependent on this property

Answer 7

Phytohemagglutinin con’t

Question 8

is used for arresting cells in metaphase so the chromosomes can be separated for cytogenetic studies and in vitro diagnostic procedures

Answer 8

Colcemid

Question 9

size has condensed and diameter is increased are used for chromosome banding after fixing the stage

Answer 9

Metaphase chromosome

Question 10

the dark bands are A-T rich, late replicating, heterochromatic regions of the chromosomes, whereas the light bands C-G rich, early replicating, euchromatic regions

Answer 10

G Banding (GIEMSA BANDING)

Question 11

fluorescent technique and was the first banding method developed for human chromosomes

Answer 11

Q Banding (Quanacrine banding)

Question 12

the- C-G rich, euchromatic regions stain darkly or fluoresce brightly, whereas the A-T rich, heterochromatic regions stain lightly or fluoresce dully. It is the opposite of G Banding

Answer 12

R-Banding (Reverse banding)

Question 13

harsher treatment of the chromosomes diminished staining except at the heat-resistant telomeres

Answer 13

T-Banding (telomere banding)

Question 14

allows the visualization of individual chromosomes in metaphase or interphase cells and the indentification of both numerical and structural chromosomal aberrations in human pathology with high sensitivity and specificity

Answer 14

Chromosome painting