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Pharm 402 > Quiz content > Flashcards

Quiz content Flashcards

1
Q

hematopoiesis

A

formation and maturation of blood cells, occurs in bone marrow for adults

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2
Q

erythrocytes

A

carry oxygen, RBCs

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3
Q

leukocytes

A

fight infection, WBCs

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4
Q

leukocytosis

A

increased white blood cell count

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5
Q

thrombocytes

A

clotting, platelets

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6
Q

thrombocytopenia

A

low number of platelets

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7
Q

immunity

A

the ability to resist and fight infection. recognition, processing and destruction of foreign invaders, removal of damaged cells, protection against proliferation of abnormal or malignant cells, WBC and lymphatic system

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8
Q

antigens

A

foreign or “non self” substances that trigger the immune system

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9
Q

active immunity

A

immune system stimulated to produce antibodies by a pathogen or its vaccine, generates memory b cells

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10
Q

passive immunity

A

when antibodies are transferred or donated from one person to another, protection is short lived, does not generate B cells

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11
Q

immunomodulator

A

any drug or therapy that affects body defenses

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12
Q

vaccination

A

injection of a killed or weakened organism that produces immunity against that organism

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13
Q

booster

A

follow-up vaccination to provide sustained protection

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14
Q

titer

A

the amount of antibody detected after the vaccine has been administered, if below a specific level, booster is needed

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15
Q

attenuated

A

microbes are alive but weakened, unable to produce the disease

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16
Q

inactivated

A

microbes are unable to replicate or cause disease (dead)

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17
Q

toxoid

A

contains bacterial toxins that have been chemically modified to be incapable of causing disease

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18
Q

recombinant

A

contain partial viral subunits or bacterial proteins that are generated in a lab using biotechnology

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19
Q

vaccines adverse effects

A

discomfort and redness at site, aches, fever

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20
Q

vaccines contraindications

A

illness, pregnancy, immunocompromised clients shouldn’t receive live vaccines

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21
Q

cytokines

A

develop blood cells, would healing

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22
Q

interferon

A

interfere with the ability of viral infections to spread, enhance activity of leukocytes

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23
Q

interferon alfa-2b therapeutic class

A

immunostimulant

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24
Q

interferon alfa-2b pharmacologic class

A

interferon, biologic response modifier

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25
Q

interferon alfa-2b indications

A

certain cancers (hairy cell leukemia, melanoma, non-hodgkins, kaposi’s sarcoma), viral infections (HPV, chronic hepatitis b & c)

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26
Q

interferon alfa-2b MOA

A

suppresses cell proliferation, enhances phagocytic activity, augments cytotoxicity of lymphocytes for target cells, inhibits virus replication

27
Q

interferon alfa-2b adverse effects

A

flu like symptoms, depression, suicidal ideation, hepatotoxicity, pancytopenia

28
Q

interferon alfa-2b black box warning

A

may cause or aggravate life-threatening neuropsychiatric, autoimmune, ischemic and infectious disorders. discontinue if persisted t severe or worsening signs or symptoms

29
Q

interferon alfa-2b nursing implications

A

give at night, may pre-medicate with acetaminophen, educate clients about adverse effects, avoid concurrent use with other sedating meds

30
Q

immunosuppressants

A

suppress the immune system by affecting lymphocyte function

31
Q

corticosteroids

A

often used for short term therapy/exacerbations: prednisone, methyprednisolone

32
Q

antimetabolites

A

inhibits t-lymphocyte activation and proliferation: sirolimus, azathioprine

33
Q

calcineurin inhibitors

A

thought to inhibit t-lymphocyte activation and proliferation: cyclosporine, tacrolimus

34
Q

monoclonal antibodies

A

attack specific targets (t cell receptors): basiliximab, daclizumab, infliximab

35
Q

immunosuppressant nursing implication

A

monitor for signs of infection, monitor for adverse effects, client education: stress importance of regular visits with provider

36
Q

epoetin alfa (epogen)

A

stimulates RBCs

37
Q

filgrastim (neupogen)

A

stimulates neutrophils

38
Q

oprelvekin (neumega)

A

stimulates platelets

39
Q

pathogen

A

organism that causes disease

40
Q

bactericidal

A

kill bacteria

41
Q

bacteriostatic

A

slow the growth of bacteria, allowing body’s natural defenses to eliminate the organism

42
Q

antibiotic resistance

A

mutation that develops during bacterial cell growth may increase it’s ability to survive in harsher conditions, antibiotics used to cure the bacterial infection are ineffective

43
Q

penicillin g potassium classification

A

penicillin

44
Q

penicillin g potassium adverse effects

A

diarrhea, N/V, anaphylaxis, superinfection, pain at injection site

45
Q

penicillin g potassium nursing implications

A

can be given IM or IV, may decrease effectiveness of oral contraceptives, observe client for 20 mins after giving IM, allergy to one penicillin increases risk of allergy to others, may have cross sensitivity with cephalosporins

46
Q

cefotaxime class

A

cephalosporin

47
Q

cefotaxime adverse effects

A

Diarrhea, N/V, anaphylaxis, superinfection, pain at injection site

48
Q

cefotaxime nursing implications

A

given IM or IV, avoid alcohol, take entire course of medication

49
Q

tetracyline adverse effects

A

diarrhea, N/V, photosensitivity, superinfection

50
Q

tetracyline nursing implications

A

decreases effectiveness of oral contraceptives, pregnancy category D, do not take with milk, do not use with children

51
Q

azithromycin class

A

macrolide

52
Q

azithromycin adverse effects

A

diarrhea, N/V, prolonged QT interval on ECG, increased liver enzyme

53
Q

azithromycin nursing implications

A

may receive loading dose on day 1, long half, life, may improve compliance

54
Q

aminoglycoside considerations

A

toxicity is a concern with this drug class, ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity, drug levels are often monitored

55
Q

ciprofloxacin class

A

fluoroquinolone

56
Q

ciprofloxacin adverse effects

A

diarrhea, N/V, headache, tendonitis/tendon negative

57
Q

ciprofloxacin nursing implications

A

do not take with antacids, vitamins or minerals, increases anticoagulant effects of warfarin, avoid caffeine, may increase muscle weakness in those with myasthenia gravis

58
Q

trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole class

A

sulfonamide

59
Q

trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole adverse effects

A

N/V, hypersensitivity/allergy, stevens-johnson syndrome, hyperkalemia

60
Q

trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole nursing implications

A

use caution with preexisting renal disease, maintain adequate hydration to prevent crystalluria, increase anticoagulant effects with warfarin, when giving IV only infuse through D5W

61
Q

vancomycin

A

glycopeptide, used with severe infection with gram positive organisms, c. Diff

62
Q

linezolid

A

oxazolidinone

63
Q

daptomycin

A

cycled lipopetide, serious skin and soft tissue infections

64
Q

imipenem, meropenem

A

carbapenemas

Pharm 402 (9 decks)

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