Exam 2 extra Flashcards
neurotransmitter
a chemical substance that transmits a nerve impulse across the synapse, creating activation at a receptor site
cholinergic
acetylcholine is the neurotransmitter, activation of parasympathetic nervous system
cholinergic blockers
block action of acetylcholine mimicking fight or flight response
adrenergic receptors
fight or flight response activates these
sympathomimetic
norepinephrine is the neurotransmitter, activation of sympathetic nervous system (fight or flight response), effect depends on what receptor is being stimulated
adrenergic blockers
inhibit sympathetic nervous system (similar to rest and digest)
alpha 1 blockers
relax vascular smooth muscle
beta blockers
lower heart rate and blood pressure
lipoprotein
proteins synthesized by the liver that transport lipids through the body via the bloodstream
LDL
contains the greatest amount of cholesterol, synthesized in the liver and transported to the tissues for building of plasma membranes and steroids, contributes to plaque deposits
HDL
transports cholesterol away from the body and back to the liver where it is used to make bile and excreted in the stool
VLDL
carry tryglicerides throughout the blood, reduces in size to LDL
statins
limit cholesterol biosynthesis by inhibiting HGM-CoA (needed for cholesterol production)
bile acid sequestrants
bind bile acids from cholesterol in the intestine, preventing them from being recycled by the liver and re-entering the circulation
niacin
not well understood, decreases VLDL and LDL, increases HDL
fabric acid derivatives
decrease VLDL, increase HDL
diuretic
increase urinary excretion of h2o, used with HTN, heart failure, renal failure, liver failure, pulmonary edema
ACE inhibitor
reduce blood pressure by inhibiting RAAs
angiotensin receptor blockers
block the binding of angiotensin 2 to angiotensin receptors, same MOA as ace inhibitors
calcium channel blockers
inhibit entry of calcium in the cell, inhibiting muscular contraction
alpha 1 adrenergic blocker
blocks the alpha 1 adrenergic resulting in vasodilation and relaxation of smooth muscle in the prostate
vasodilators
directly causes relaxation of arteriolar smooth muscle, lowering blood pressure
nitrates
relax both arterial and venous smooth muscle, reducing workload of the heart, dilate coronary arteries
beta blockers
reduce cardiac workload by slowing heart rate and reducing contractility
calcium channel blockers
inhibits the transport of calcium into myocardial cells, relax arteriolar smooth muscle, dilate coronary arteries
thrombolytics
dissolve clots obstructing coronary arteries to restore perfusion to myocardium, followed by anticoagulant therapy
hemostasis
stopping of blood flow
antifibrinolytics
action is opposite of anticoagulants, prevent fibrin from dissolving, enhancing stability of clots, used in surgery
