Exam 2 extra

Question 1

neurotransmitter

Answer 1

a chemical substance that transmits a nerve impulse across the synapse, creating activation at a receptor site

Question 2

cholinergic

Answer 2

acetylcholine is the neurotransmitter, activation of parasympathetic nervous system

Question 3

cholinergic blockers

Answer 3

block action of acetylcholine mimicking fight or flight response

Question 4

adrenergic receptors

Answer 4

fight or flight response activates these

Question 5

sympathomimetic

Answer 5

norepinephrine is the neurotransmitter, activation of sympathetic nervous system (fight or flight response), effect depends on what receptor is being stimulated

Question 6

adrenergic blockers

Answer 6

inhibit sympathetic nervous system (similar to rest and digest)

Question 7

alpha 1 blockers

Answer 7

relax vascular smooth muscle

Question 8

beta blockers

Answer 8

lower heart rate and blood pressure

Question 9

lipoprotein

Answer 9

proteins synthesized by the liver that transport lipids through the body via the bloodstream

Question 10

LDL

Answer 10

contains the greatest amount of cholesterol, synthesized in the liver and transported to the tissues for building of plasma membranes and steroids, contributes to plaque deposits

Question 11

HDL

Answer 11

transports cholesterol away from the body and back to the liver where it is used to make bile and excreted in the stool

Question 12

VLDL

Answer 12

carry tryglicerides throughout the blood, reduces in size to LDL

Question 13

statins

Answer 13

limit cholesterol biosynthesis by inhibiting HGM-CoA (needed for cholesterol production)

Question 14

bile acid sequestrants

Answer 14

bind bile acids from cholesterol in the intestine, preventing them from being recycled by the liver and re-entering the circulation

Question 15

niacin

Answer 15

not well understood, decreases VLDL and LDL, increases HDL

Question 16

fabric acid derivatives

Answer 16

decrease VLDL, increase HDL

Question 17

diuretic

Answer 17

increase urinary excretion of h2o, used with HTN, heart failure, renal failure, liver failure, pulmonary edema

Question 18

ACE inhibitor

Answer 18

reduce blood pressure by inhibiting RAAs

Question 19

angiotensin receptor blockers

Answer 19

block the binding of angiotensin 2 to angiotensin receptors, same MOA as ace inhibitors

Question 20

calcium channel blockers

Answer 20

inhibit entry of calcium in the cell, inhibiting muscular contraction

Question 21

alpha 1 adrenergic blocker

Answer 21

blocks the alpha 1 adrenergic resulting in vasodilation and relaxation of smooth muscle in the prostate

Question 22

vasodilators

Answer 22

directly causes relaxation of arteriolar smooth muscle, lowering blood pressure

Question 23

nitrates

Answer 23

relax both arterial and venous smooth muscle, reducing workload of the heart, dilate coronary arteries

Question 24

beta blockers

Answer 24

reduce cardiac workload by slowing heart rate and reducing contractility

Question 25

calcium channel blockers

Answer 25

inhibits the transport of calcium into myocardial cells, relax arteriolar smooth muscle, dilate coronary arteries

Question 26

thrombolytics

Answer 26

dissolve clots obstructing coronary arteries to restore perfusion to myocardium, followed by anticoagulant therapy

Question 27

hemostasis

Answer 27

stopping of blood flow

Question 28

antifibrinolytics

Answer 28

action is opposite of anticoagulants, prevent fibrin from dissolving, enhancing stability of clots, used in surgery