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Honors Bio > Quiz Cell Types and Organelles (12/1/24) > Flashcards

Quiz Cell Types and Organelles (12/1/24) Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the difference between an atom and a molecule?

A

An atom is the smallest unit of matter. A molecule is a structure that contains atoms bonded together.

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2
Q

Which type of bonding holds two or more ATOMS together?

A

Covalent bond

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3
Q

Which type of bonding holds MOLECULES together?

A

Chemical bonds

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4
Q

What is the difference between an inorganic molecule and an organic molecule?

A

Organic compounds have carbon atoms and inorganic don’t.

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5
Q

How are organic molecules related to all living things?

A

They are life’s building blocks

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6
Q

Name the four categories of organic molecules (biomolecules/macromolecules) which form the basis of all living things.

A

carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids

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7
Q

All of the biomolecules are based on which main element?

A

Carbon

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8
Q

What is a monomer?

A

atoms or small molecules that bond together to form more complex structures such as polymers

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9
Q

What is a polymer?

A

A big molecule created by bonding a series of building blocks

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10
Q

What determines how biomolecules will look and behave?

A

Their shape

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11
Q

Which of the biomolecules are hydrophilic?

A

starch, glycogen and cellulose

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12
Q

Which of the biomolecules are hydrophobic?

A

Lipids

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13
Q

What type of reaction builds monomers into polymers (and removes water)?

A

Dehydration Synthesis

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14
Q

What type of reaction breaks polymers down into monomers (and adds water)?

A

hydrolysis reactions

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15
Q

What are the basic elements contained in all carbohydrates? (Hint: there are 3)

A

carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

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16
Q

The building blocks of carbohydrates all have what type of structure?

A

glycosidic linkages

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17
Q

What is the building block of carbohydrates?

A

monosaccharides

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18
Q

What is a disaccharide? What are three examples?

A

sucrose, lactose, and maltose

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19
Q

What is a monosaccharide? What are three examples?

A

glucose (dextrose), fructose (levulose), and galactose

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20
Q

How does a polysaccharide differ from a disaccharide?

A

Disaccharides are made by joining two monosaccharides while Polysaccharides are made up of three or more monosaccharides units joined together by glycosidic bonds.

21
Q

What are three examples of polysaccharides?

A

starch, glycogen, and cellulose

22
Q

Many sugars are recognized as sugars because their name ends in___________________.

A

-ose

23
Q

What type of food would you choose to eat the night before a big race or sports event? Why?

A

pasta, rice, quinoa, breads, potatoes, sweet potatoes, flour or corn tortillas and pancakes or waffles because it contains carbohydrates which will then turn into energy.

24
Q

What is the main function of all carbohydrates?

A

supply energy to all cells in the body

25
Q

What is the building block of lipids?

A

Glycerol and fatty acids

26
Q

What is the difference between a triglyceride and a phospholipid? Are there any similarities?

A

They are different because phospholipids have a phosphate group that allows it to dissolve in water. But they are similar because they have fatty acid residues as part of their structure.

27
Q

What are the basic elements contained in all lipids? (Hint: there are 3)

A

carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

28
Q

What is the difference between a saturated triglyceride and an unsaturated triglyceride?

A

A saturated fat is a fat that has triglycerides whose carbon chain consists mainly of carbon-carbon single bonds.

An unsaturated fat is a fat that consists of triglycerides whose carbon chains contain of carbon-carbon double bonds.

29
Q

What is an example of a saturated triglyceride?

A

butter, lard, and fatty meat

30
Q

What is an example of an unsaturated triglyceride?

A

Olive and linseed oils

31
Q

What is the main function of triglycerides?

A

store unused calories and provide your body with energy

32
Q

What are at least 3 of the functions of proteins? Include an example with each function

A

Providing energy - it will give you a boost of energy if you plan to run, etc
Providing structure - maintains cell shape
Helping with immunity - help form immunoglobulins, or antibodies, to fight infection

33
Q

What are the building blocks of proteins?

A

amino acids

34
Q

How many amino acids exist in the human body?

A

20 amino acids

34
Q

What are the basic elements contained in all proteins? (Hint: there are 4)

A

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen

35
Q

What is the name of the bond that joins amino acids?

A

peptide bonds

36
Q

What is the basic structure of an amino acid?

A

Each amino acid has a cental carbon atom connected with a basic amino group, a carboxylic acid group, a hydrogen atom and an R-group or side-chain group.

37
Q

What determines the function of a protein?

A

The sequence of amino acids

38
Q

What is the specific name for proteins that are involved in chemical reactions in the body and help to break down or build up other substances (such as sugars)?

A

Enzymes

39
Q

Enzymes speed up chemical reactions, how do they do this?

A

reducing the activation energy, which then increases the rate of reaction

40
Q

What is the basic structure of enzymes and how does it allow them to function?

A

Enzymes are proteins which are made out of amino acids linked together in either one or more polypeptide chains

This allows it to function because it provides a template with which two substrates in the proper positions and orientation they are to react with

41
Q

Temperature and pH can alter the structure of a protein. What do you think will happen to that protein’s function?

A

lose its structure and function and makes it inactive

42
Q

Can any enzyme be used to break down a substance? Why or why not?

A

A single enzyme does not have the ability break down different types of substances. This is due to the fact that its specific structure isn’t created to interact with particular substances.

43
Q

What are the building blocks of nucleic acids?

A

A nucleotide

44
Q

What are the basic elements contained in all nucleic acids?

A

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen; plus phosphorous

45
Q

What is the structure of a nucleotide?

A

A sugar molecule connected to a phosphate group and a nitrogen-containing base.

46
Q

How many different nucleotides (bases) are there in DNA?

A

Four (adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G), and cytosine (C))

47
Q

What is the main function of nucleic acids?

A

storage and expression of genomic information

Honors Bio (6 decks)

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