Quiz Answers Flashcards
Research misconduct is typically understood to mean
Fabricating, falsifying, or plagiarizing the results
The two competing interests the IRB considers are
Gain in Knowledge and Cost to the Participants
Nonmaleficence is best described as
Not doing harm to participants
Which of the following would NOT be considered exempt from the IRB approval process?
Qualitative interviews with incarcerated youth
Informed Consent is best described as
Informing the participant of all aspects of the study that might affect his or her decision to participate
The difference between Active and Passive Consent is that Passive Consent
Requires no action to provide consent
Debriefing serves the purpose of
Revealing and clarifying any deception
Eliminating any undesirable influence the experiment had
Discussing the details and purpose of the study
Which of the following groups would likely feel the most coerced to participate in research?
Prisoners in a penitentiary
The difference between a statistic and a parameter is that a statistic
Describes a sample
The sampling distribution is best described as
The theoretical distribution of all possible samples from a population
The standard error is:
the standard deviation of the sampling distribution
A confidence interval communicates
The likelihood of an interval containing a parameter
The alpha level, or level of significance, communicates
The cutoff for rejecting the null hypothesis
An important drawback to directional (vs. non-directional) hypothesis-testing is
Inability to detect unexpected effects
A One-Way ANOVA is used to
Detect mean differences using a nominal IV and an interval/ratio DV
Post hoc tests are used to
Determine which means are significantly different from each other
Chi-Square tests are used when
Measuring the relationship between two nominal variables
The difference between Descriptive Statistics and Inferential Statistics is that Descriptive Statistics
Focus on describing a sample
Which of the following indicates the most frequent score in the dataset?
Mode
Which of the following is the LEAST informative?
Range
Effect Size is best described as:
Magnitude of a relationship between variables or difference between means
Which of the following correlations indicate a strong negative relationship?
a. -2.2
b. .2
c. -.8*
d. 2.8
A correlation would NOT be appropriate for measuring:
A curvilinear relationship
Partial Correlation is a technique that is best described as
Finding the correlation between two variables while controlling for one or more other variables
The difference between Simple Regression and Multiple Regression is that Simple Regression
Uses only one Independent Variable and one Dependent Variable
In a regression equation, the Y-intercept is
The point where the regression line crosses the y-axis
In a regression equation, the regression coefficient or slope is
The change in Y given a one-unit change in X
The difference between Qualitative and Quantitative Research is that Qualitative focuses on
Nonnumerical measures
A major objective of Qualitative Research is
Description and understanding
What is one possible threat to guard against in Qualitative research?
Researcher Bias
Which of the following refers to using multiple methods/sources/researchers for increased validity?
Triangulation
A researcher that wanted to understand the culture of gang membership in Los Angeles would be conducting a(n):
Ethnographic Study
A researcher that wanted to see how factory workers process and understand the closing of their plant would be conducting a(n):
Phenomenological Study
A researcher that wanted to describe the characteristics of the Trump presidency would be conducting a(n):
Case Study
A Mixed-Methods Design is one that
Uses both Qualitative and Quantitative Methods
Weakness Minimization Validity refers to the technique of
Compensating for the weakness of one approach through the use of an additional approach
A research design with the notation “qual—>QUAN” would indicate research with the
Lesser priority qualitative portion first, dominant quantitative portion second
Which of the following best summarizes the difference between a weak and a strong research design?
Weak research designs are unable to isolate the effect of the IV on the DV
Which of the following designs would be considered the weakest research design?
One group posttest only
Posttest-Only with Nonequivalent Groups design lacks which of the following
Random Assignment
The Counterfactual in research design refers to the
What would have happened to the treatment group without the treatment
The main difference between Within-Participants Design and Between-Participants Design is that Between-Participants use
Different people in the treatment and control conditions
Which of the following is an advantage of using Within-Participants design over Between-Participants?
Within-Participants requires fewer participants
A 2 X 4 Factorial design would have how many cells?
8
One drawback to using three or four independent variables in a factorial design is
The need for more participants
The more complex interactive terms
Unwieldy research design
Panel Studies are which type of design?
Longitudinal
A Trend Study is different than a Panel Study in that Trend Studies
Measure different people at different time points
Which of the following is important for a Survey Questionnaire to have?
Construct Validity
Reliability
Content Validity
Which of the following is an example of a loaded question?
Do you approve of the new conservative tax reform plan?
Which of the following is an example of a double-barreled question?
Do you approve of the president’s plan to cut taxes and cut spending?
For which of the following constructs would it be important to use multiple items?
Happiness
A survey item that measures how strongly someone agrees or disagrees with a statement on a scale of 1 to 5 would be using which type of scale?
Likert
If participants had a tendency to agree with all of the items in questionnaire, that would be an example of
Response Set
If participants had a tendency to hide their true attitudes during a questionnaire, that would be an example of
Social Desirability Bias
The purpose of pilot testing is to
Check for confusing items
Identify poorly worded questions
Fix problems that participants had in answering the questions
