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PSYC 230 Final > Quiz Answers > Flashcards

Quiz Answers Flashcards

1
Q

Research misconduct is typically understood to mean

A

Fabricating, falsifying, or plagiarizing the results

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2
Q

The two competing interests the IRB considers are

A

Gain in Knowledge and Cost to the Participants

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3
Q

Nonmaleficence is best described as

A

Not doing harm to participants

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4
Q

Which of the following would NOT be considered exempt from the IRB approval process?

A

Qualitative interviews with incarcerated youth

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5
Q

Informed Consent is best described as

A

Informing the participant of all aspects of the study that might affect his or her decision to participate

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6
Q

The difference between Active and Passive Consent is that Passive Consent

A

Requires no action to provide consent

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7
Q

Debriefing serves the purpose of

A

Revealing and clarifying any deception
Eliminating any undesirable influence the experiment had
Discussing the details and purpose of the study

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8
Q

Which of the following groups would likely feel the most coerced to participate in research?

A

Prisoners in a penitentiary

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9
Q

The difference between a statistic and a parameter is that a statistic

A

Describes a sample

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10
Q

The sampling distribution is best described as

A

The theoretical distribution of all possible samples from a population

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11
Q

The standard error is:

A

the standard deviation of the sampling distribution

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12
Q

A confidence interval communicates

A

The likelihood of an interval containing a parameter

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13
Q

The alpha level, or level of significance, communicates

A

The cutoff for rejecting the null hypothesis

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14
Q

An important drawback to directional (vs. non-directional) hypothesis-testing is

A

Inability to detect unexpected effects

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15
Q

A One-Way ANOVA is used to

A

Detect mean differences using a nominal IV and an interval/ratio DV

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16
Q

Post hoc tests are used to

A

Determine which means are significantly different from each other

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17
Q

Chi-Square tests are used when

A

Measuring the relationship between two nominal variables

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18
Q

The difference between Descriptive Statistics and Inferential Statistics is that Descriptive Statistics

A

Focus on describing a sample

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19
Q

Which of the following indicates the most frequent score in the dataset?

A

Mode

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20
Q

Which of the following is the LEAST informative?

A

Range

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21
Q

Effect Size is best described as:

A

Magnitude of a relationship between variables or difference between means

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22
Q

Which of the following correlations indicate a strong negative relationship?

A

a. -2.2
b. .2
c. -.8*
d. 2.8

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23
Q

A correlation would NOT be appropriate for measuring:

A

A curvilinear relationship

24
Q

Partial Correlation is a technique that is best described as

A

Finding the correlation between two variables while controlling for one or more other variables

25
Q

The difference between Simple Regression and Multiple Regression is that Simple Regression

A

Uses only one Independent Variable and one Dependent Variable

26
Q

In a regression equation, the Y-intercept is

A

The point where the regression line crosses the y-axis

27
Q

In a regression equation, the regression coefficient or slope is

A

The change in Y given a one-unit change in X

28
Q

The difference between Qualitative and Quantitative Research is that Qualitative focuses on

A

Nonnumerical measures

29
Q

A major objective of Qualitative Research is

A

Description and understanding

30
Q

What is one possible threat to guard against in Qualitative research?

A

Researcher Bias

31
Q

Which of the following refers to using multiple methods/sources/researchers for increased validity?

A

Triangulation

32
Q

A researcher that wanted to understand the culture of gang membership in Los Angeles would be conducting a(n):

A

Ethnographic Study

33
Q

A researcher that wanted to see how factory workers process and understand the closing of their plant would be conducting a(n):

A

Phenomenological Study

34
Q

A researcher that wanted to describe the characteristics of the Trump presidency would be conducting a(n):

A

Case Study

35
Q

A Mixed-Methods Design is one that

A

Uses both Qualitative and Quantitative Methods

36
Q

Weakness Minimization Validity refers to the technique of

A

Compensating for the weakness of one approach through the use of an additional approach

37
Q

A research design with the notation “qual—>QUAN” would indicate research with the

A

Lesser priority qualitative portion first, dominant quantitative portion second

38
Q

Which of the following best summarizes the difference between a weak and a strong research design?

A

Weak research designs are unable to isolate the effect of the IV on the DV

39
Q

Which of the following designs would be considered the weakest research design?

A

One group posttest only

40
Q

Posttest-Only with Nonequivalent Groups design lacks which of the following

A

Random Assignment

41
Q

The Counterfactual in research design refers to the

A

What would have happened to the treatment group without the treatment

42
Q

The main difference between Within-Participants Design and Between-Participants Design is that Between-Participants use

A

Different people in the treatment and control conditions

43
Q

Which of the following is an advantage of using Within-Participants design over Between-Participants?

A

Within-Participants requires fewer participants

44
Q

A 2 X 4 Factorial design would have how many cells?

A

8

45
Q

One drawback to using three or four independent variables in a factorial design is

A

The need for more participants
The more complex interactive terms
Unwieldy research design

46
Q

Panel Studies are which type of design?

A

Longitudinal

47
Q

A Trend Study is different than a Panel Study in that Trend Studies

A

Measure different people at different time points

48
Q

Which of the following is important for a Survey Questionnaire to have?

A

Construct Validity
Reliability
Content Validity

49
Q

Which of the following is an example of a loaded question?

A

Do you approve of the new conservative tax reform plan?

50
Q

Which of the following is an example of a double-barreled question?

A

Do you approve of the president’s plan to cut taxes and cut spending?

51
Q

For which of the following constructs would it be important to use multiple items?

A

Happiness

52
Q

A survey item that measures how strongly someone agrees or disagrees with a statement on a scale of 1 to 5 would be using which type of scale?

A

Likert

53
Q

If participants had a tendency to agree with all of the items in questionnaire, that would be an example of

A

Response Set

54
Q

If participants had a tendency to hide their true attitudes during a questionnaire, that would be an example of

A

Social Desirability Bias

55
Q

The purpose of pilot testing is to

A

Check for confusing items
Identify poorly worded questions
Fix problems that participants had in answering the questions

PSYC 230 Final (3 decks)

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