Quiz 9 - Cell Transport Flashcards
Two types of transport
Active and Passive
What are the 3 types of passive transport?
diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and osmosis
What are the 2 types of active transport?
protiens channels/pumps and vesicle transport
What is concentration?
number of molecules in an area
What is a concentration gradient?
where there are different concentrations on either side of the membrane
What is it called when there is no gradient?
equilibrium
During an equilibrium, what happens to the motion of molecules?
they continue to move back and forth, but maintain the equilibrium
Does passive transport require energy?
no
Does active transport require energy?
yes
What direction does diffusion go?
high to low
How do you describe the cell membrane in terms of what goes in and out?
selectively permeable
What are examples of what can diffuse through the cell membrane?
water, CO2 and O2
What are examples of molecules that need facilitated diffusion?
glucose
What do molecules use during facilitated diffusion?
protein channels
What is the diffusion of water?
osmosis
What protein channels does water use?
aquaporin
What are the three types of solutions?
Isotonic, hypotonic, and hypertonic
What is the rule for solutions?
salt sucks
What’s a hypotonic solution?
water with below normal solute levels
What happens when animals cells are in a hypotonic solution?
they swell and burst; become lysed
WHat happens when plant cells are in a hypotonic solution?
they do not burst because of their cell wal; they stay turgid
what is a hypertonic solution?
water with above normal solute levels
What happens to animal cells in a hypertonic solution?
they shrivel up
what happens to plant cells in a hypertonic solution?
the cell membrane pulls away from the cell wall; plasmolysis
What is an isotonic solution?
it is a dynamic equilibrium; ideal for all cells
What is an example of an isotonic solution?
blood
What direction does active transport go?
low to high
What is required in active transport?
a transport protien
What direction does active transport go in concerning the concentration gradient?
against
Does active transport require energy?
yes
What is endocytosis?
taking in larger molecules through the cell into vesicles
What is phagocytosis?
“cell eating”, a form of endocytosis
What in pinocytosis?
“cell drinking”, a form of endocytosis
What is exocytosis?
removing large particles (waste) from the cell
What is the sodium potassium pump?
a pump that changes the sodium ion-potassium ion gradient
What is homeostasis?
the requirement and maintenance of the internal environment of the body in response to changes in the external and internal environment
How does homeostasis work?
control systems maintain homeostasis
What are the three control systems for homeostasis?
sensors (nerves), control center (brain and CNS), and effectors (targets)
What is negative feedback?
system responds and returns to the set point
Examples of negative feedback
body temperature and heart rate
What is positive feedback?
leaning into a reaction and making it more active until an end point is reached
Examples of positive feedback
blood clotting, nursing a baby, and childbirth
