Quiz 5 - Macromolecules - Nov 11 Flashcards
What element is the base for all life?
carbon
What is the valence of carbon?
4
How many valence electrons does carbon have?
4
What is the octet rule?
The rule that when molecules are bonded the atoms want to have 8 valence electrons (except hydrogen)
What are a lone pair of electrons?
electrons that aren’t shared
What are the 4 main ways a carbon molecule can be structured?
straight chain, branched chain, ring chain or buky ball
Definition of macromolecule
carbon-based molecules made of monomers bonded together
What is another name for macromolecule?
biomolecule
What are the 4 types of macromolecules?
Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids
What is dehydration synthesis?
The process of removing water from two monomers to bond them
What is hydrolysis?
The process of adding water to separate a polymer into multiple monomers
What type of carbohydrates are in plant cells walls?
cellulose
What are the 3 elements in a carbohydrate?
carbon hydrogen and oxygen
What is the C:H:O ratio in carbohydrates
1:2:1
What is the main purpose of carbohydrates?
quick and short term storage and energy
What shape are carbohydrate molecules?
hexagonal
What does monosaccharide mean?
one sugar unit
What does disaccharide mean
two sugar unit
What does polysaccharide mean?
many sugar units, complex carbs
What elements are lipids made of?
carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
What is the C:H:O ratio in lipids?
there is no ratio
Which element is low in lipids?
oxygen
Does lipids or carbohydrates have more energy?
lipids
What are the functions of lipids?
long term energy storage
make up cell membranes
hormones
protection
What is special about lipids?
they are not soluble bc they are not polar
What are fats/triglycerides made of?
1 glycerol and 3 fatty acids
What makes a fatty acid saturated?
it has no double bonds and goes straight
What makes a fatty acid unsaturated?
it has a double bond and bends
What elements are proteins made of?
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and sometimes sulfur
What are proteins also known as?
polypeptides
What is a peptide bond?
bond between a carbon and nitrogen
How many types of amino acids are there?
20
What is the monomer of protein?
amino acids
What are the 5 sections of an amino acid?
amino group, hydrogen, central carbon, carboxyl group, and r group/side chain/variant
What characterizes the amino group in an amino acid?
has the nitrogen
What categorizes the carboxyl group in an amino acid?
it has the carbon double bond
What are functions of proteins?
antibodies
muscle
enzymes
hormones
structural
storage
transport
What is the monomer of a nucleic acid?
nucleotide
examples of nucleotides
phosphate group, pentose sugar and nitrogenous base
what elements are in nucleic acids
carbon hydrogen oxygen nitrogen and phosphorus
what is the function of rna
building protiens
what nitrogenous base is only in dna
thymine
what nitrogenous base is only in rna
uracil
what do a lot of nitrogenous bases end in?
-ine
what does DNA stand for
deoxyribonucleic acid
what rna stand for
ribonucleic acid
