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Biology > Quiz 5 - Macromolecules - Nov 11 > Flashcards

Quiz 5 - Macromolecules - Nov 11 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What element is the base for all life?

A

carbon

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2
Q

What is the valence of carbon?

A

4

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3
Q

How many valence electrons does carbon have?

A

4

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4
Q

What is the octet rule?

A

The rule that when molecules are bonded the atoms want to have 8 valence electrons (except hydrogen)

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5
Q

What are a lone pair of electrons?

A

electrons that aren’t shared

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6
Q

What are the 4 main ways a carbon molecule can be structured?

A

straight chain, branched chain, ring chain or buky ball

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7
Q

Definition of macromolecule

A

carbon-based molecules made of monomers bonded together

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8
Q

What is another name for macromolecule?

A

biomolecule

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9
Q

What are the 4 types of macromolecules?

A

Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids

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10
Q

What is dehydration synthesis?

A

The process of removing water from two monomers to bond them

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11
Q

What is hydrolysis?

A

The process of adding water to separate a polymer into multiple monomers

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12
Q

What type of carbohydrates are in plant cells walls?

A

cellulose

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13
Q

What are the 3 elements in a carbohydrate?

A

carbon hydrogen and oxygen

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14
Q

What is the C:H:O ratio in carbohydrates

A

1:2:1

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15
Q

What is the main purpose of carbohydrates?

A

quick and short term storage and energy

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16
Q

What shape are carbohydrate molecules?

A

hexagonal

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17
Q

What does monosaccharide mean?

A

one sugar unit

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18
Q

What does disaccharide mean

A

two sugar unit

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19
Q

What does polysaccharide mean?

A

many sugar units, complex carbs

20
Q

What elements are lipids made of?

A

carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

21
Q

What is the C:H:O ratio in lipids?

A

there is no ratio

22
Q

Which element is low in lipids?

A

oxygen

23
Q

Does lipids or carbohydrates have more energy?

A

lipids

24
Q

What are the functions of lipids?

A

long term energy storage
make up cell membranes
hormones
protection

25
Q

What is special about lipids?

A

they are not soluble bc they are not polar

26
Q

What are fats/triglycerides made of?

A

1 glycerol and 3 fatty acids

27
Q

What makes a fatty acid saturated?

A

it has no double bonds and goes straight

28
Q

What makes a fatty acid unsaturated?

A

it has a double bond and bends

29
Q

What elements are proteins made of?

A

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and sometimes sulfur

30
Q

What are proteins also known as?

A

polypeptides

31
Q

What is a peptide bond?

A

bond between a carbon and nitrogen

32
Q

How many types of amino acids are there?

A

20

33
Q

What is the monomer of protein?

A

amino acids

34
Q

What are the 5 sections of an amino acid?

A

amino group, hydrogen, central carbon, carboxyl group, and r group/side chain/variant

35
Q

What characterizes the amino group in an amino acid?

A

has the nitrogen

36
Q

What categorizes the carboxyl group in an amino acid?

A

it has the carbon double bond

37
Q

What are functions of proteins?

A

antibodies
muscle
enzymes
hormones
structural
storage
transport

38
Q

What is the monomer of a nucleic acid?

A

nucleotide

39
Q

examples of nucleotides

A

phosphate group, pentose sugar and nitrogenous base

40
Q

what elements are in nucleic acids

A

carbon hydrogen oxygen nitrogen and phosphorus

41
Q

what is the function of rna

A

building protiens

42
Q

what nitrogenous base is only in dna

A

thymine

43
Q

what nitrogenous base is only in rna

A

uracil

44
Q

what do a lot of nitrogenous bases end in?

A

-ine

45
Q

what does DNA stand for

A

deoxyribonucleic acid

46
Q

what rna stand for

A

ribonucleic acid

Biology (5 decks)

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