Quiz 9 Flashcards
1
Q
What is a phrase?
A
A substantial musical thought that ends with a cadence
2
Q
What is a harmonic cadence?
A
closes a phrase or section of music
3
Q
What is an imperfect cadence? List the 3 qualifications for an imperfect cadence.
A
V to I
Does not meet the requirement of PAC. Tonic is highest sounding note in tonic triad OR Both are in root position.
4
Q
What is a half cadence and a plagal cadence?
A
HC - anything to V
Plagal - IV to I
5
Q
What is a phrygian half cadence?
A
iv6 to V
6
Q
What is a deceptive cadence?
A
V to anything but I
7
Q
What is an escape tone?
A
approached by step and left by skip in the opposite direction
8
Q
What is an anticipation?
A
Note in the next chord that is played before the chord
9
Q
What is a suspension?
A
Note from one chord held into the next
3 parts- approach, suspension, resolution
10
Q
What is an appoggiatura?
A
approached by skip and left by step in the opposite direction
11
Q
What are changing tones?
A
two successive nonharmonic tones
12
Q
What is a motive (melodic or rhythmic)?
A
a melodic or rhythmic pattern occurring throughout a piece
13
Q
What is the difference between a real sequence and a tonal sequence?
A
a real sequence is an exact transposition and a tonal sequence follows the diatonic scale
14
Q
What is a modified sequence?
A
some of the segments may be decorated or embellished in a way that does not destroy the original character
15
Q
What is a false sequence?
A
repeats part of a figure and states the remainder in sequence
16
Q
What is a phrase member?
A
individual units of a phrase sufficiently separated, usually by a longer note value or a rest
17
Q
What is a period?
A
two or more musical phrases in which the last phrase ends in a stronger cadence
18
Q
What is a double period?
A
4 phrase period: the 4th phrase must bring the period closure and be at least as strong as the other 3
19
Q
What is a phrase extension?
A
a phrase whose length has been increased through the elongation of some part
20
Q
What is a climax tone?
A
the highest sounding note
21
Q
Name all four kinds of texture and define each of them.
A
monophonic - one distinct melody
homophonic - one melody + accomp
polyphonic - two or more distinct melodies
homorhythmic - similar rhythmic material in all parts
22
Q
What is textural reduction?
A
removing parts to only block chords
23
Q
What is first species counterpoint?
A
one note of counterpoint for each note in the cantus firmus
24
Q
Give the order of the modes
A
Ionian Dorian Phrygian Lydian Mixolydian Aeolian Locian
25
What is four-voice texture?
four separate moving voices form chords
26
What is a chorale?
used in German protestant churches during the time of Bach
27
What is stylistic practice?
rules for writing 4 voice texture
28
What is a common tone?
a note that is in two successive chords
29
What is doubling?
in a chord, the note that is sounding in two voices
30
What is the stylistic practice when both chords are in root position and the two chords lie a P4 or P5 apart?
keep common tone in the voice and move all other voices to closest chord tone
use good voice writing and move each voice to the closest chord tone if you can't keep the common tone
31
What is the stylistic practice when both chords are in root position and the two roots lie a third apart?
keep both common tones and move remaining voices to closest chord tone
32
What is the stylistic practice when the roots lie a 2nd apart?
move upper voices in contrary motion to the bass
33
What is the stylistic practice when chords are repeated?
use proper doubling and use inversions
34
What is the stylistic practice for first-inversion major and minor triads?
double any triad factor that facilitates smooth voice leading. never double the leading tone
35
What is the stylistic practice for the leading tone triad (vii*)?
in first inversion; progresses to the tonic, double the bass is preferred or 5th factor
36
What is the stylistic practice for the ii*6 triad in minor keys?
progresses to the V most often
| double the bass or root
37
What is tonality?
an organized system of tones in which one tone (the tonic) becomes the central point which the remaining tones are related to
38
What are the four ways you may use a 6/4 chord?
cadential
passing bass
pedal bass
arpeggiated bass
39
What part writing rules can never be broken (list all 4)?
- no parallel P5, P1 or P8
- always use a voices proper range
- never double the leading tone of scale
- don't write melodic A2s or A4s
40
What are crossed voices?
when voices are not in SATB order
41
What is proper spacing in four part writing?
no more than an octave between soprano, alto, and tenor. between tenor and bass doesn't matter
42
What is overlap in four part writing?
when a voice goes higher or lower than the note previously sang in an adjacent voice
43
What are unequal fifths?
one voice moves a P5 and the other moves a d5
44
What is close position?
when soprano, alto, and tenor are within an octave
45
What is a circle progression?
chords moving in ascending fourths or descending fifths
46
What are perfect intervals?
P1, P4, P5, P8
47
What is a tritone?
A4 or d5, which divides the octave in half
48
What are diminished intervals?
perfect intervals lowered by a half step or a major interval lowered a whole step
49
What is a macro analysis?
name the chord with the letter corresponding to the roman numeral
50
What are diminished triads?
m3 + d5
51
What is open position?
when soprano, alto, and tenor span more than an octave
52
What is timbre?
characteristic sound of a voice or instrument
53
What are partials?
the overtones also sounding in a pitch
54
What are augmented intervals?
a perfect or major interval raised a half step
55
What are inversions of intervals? Describe and give 2 examples.
the lower tone of the interval becomes the higher tone or vice versa. P4 becomes P5. M6 becomes m3
56
Name 2 tuning systems.
Equal temperament, unequal temperament, pythagorean tuning
57
What is a sequence?
a phrase that is repeating the motive at various pitches and different ways
58
What are pedal tones?
a bass plays the same note several times in a row
59
What is texture?
how many melodies are playing
60
What is a blues scale?
flat 3rd and 7th
61
What is a diminished scale?
eight note scale composed on alternating whole steps and half steps
62
What are nondiatonic scales?
scales that doesn't observe the interval sequence of the diatonic or pentatonic scales
63
What are augmented triads?
M3 + A5
64
What is a second inversion of a chord?
the fifth factor is in the bass and is identified by a 6/4
65
What is organum?
early form of polyphony from medieval period in which chant moved in parallel P5s or P8s then began to include melismas
66
What are parallel fifths?
moving the harmonic interval of a P5 from one chord to the next
67
What is an alto clef?
a C clef on the 2nd line of a staff
68
What is a double sharp?
raises a note a whole step
69
What is meter?
the time signature of a piece
| beats per measure, what note gets a beat
70
What is the difference between a triad and a chord?
a triad is just the root, 3rd, and 5th factors
| a chord uses those notes and doubles and can also include a 7th factor
71
What is a perfect authentic cadence?
V to I
| the tonic must be highest sounding note in tonic triad AND both chords must be in root position
72
How is a diminished seventh chord formed?
diminished triad + m7 = half diminished
| diminished triad + d7 = fully diminished
73
What chords are used in a complete circle progression?
I - IV - vii* - iii - vi - ii - V - I
74
Give three examples of an ascending fifth or descending fourth progression?
I - V
IV - I
V - ii
75
GIve 2 examples of ascending second progressions.
IV - V
| vii* - I
76
For what purpose are ascending second progressions used?
To move from one circle progression to another
77
Give the macro symbol for each of the following chords in the key of Bb:
1) tonic
2) subdominant, 1st inversion
3) dom 7th chord, root
1) Bb
2) Eb
3) F7
78
What is a dominant seventh chord? (What pitches does it come from and/or how is one made)
major triad + m7 build on the fifth scale degree
79
What are the symbols for inversions of the dominant seventh chord in:
1) first inversion
2) second inversion
3) third inversion
1) V 6/5
2) V 4/3
3) V 4/2
80
To what chord does the dominant seventh chord most commonly resolve?
Tonic
81
What rules must be followed when the dominant seventh chord resolves?
resolve the seventh factor down one scale degree
82
What is a "noncircle resolution"?
when a chord doesn't resolve through a circle progression
83
How is a half diminished seventh chord formed? What notes does it contain (in order) if D is the root?
diminished triad + m7
| D F Ab C
84
To what chord do diminished seventh and half-diminished seventh chords resolve?
to the tonic or through the V7
85
What rules must be followed when resolving diminished seventh and half-diminished seventh chords?
resolve the seventh factor down one diatonic scale degree
| resolve the root upward to the tonic
86
What is a harmonic progression?
the relationship between chord roots in a musical piece or composition
87
What are root relationships?
the interval relationship between chord roots that allow you to analyze harmonic progression
88
What are noncircle progressions?
progressions that do not move in a circle, such as ascending 2nd or descending 3rd
89
What is an ascending fifth (descending fourth) progression?
adjacent chord roots lie in relationship of ascending 5th or descending 4th. Most common I - V
90
What is an ascending second progression?
adjacent chord roots lie in relationship of ascending 2nd. most common IV - V
91
What is a descending third progression?
adjacent chord roots lie in relationship of descending 3rd. most common I - vi
92
How does the I 6/4 chord function in harmonic progressions?
a decoration of the V chord that follows it
93
What is harmonic rhythm?
the rhythms that chords change
94
What is style?
the way that harmonic progression and rhythm come together to form a distinct sound
95
What is a seventh chord?
adds a seventh above the root to an existing triad
96
What is a major-minor chord?
describes the triad type and seventh type
| major triad + minor 7
97
Which factor of the dominant seventh chord can be omitted in usual situations?
the fifth factor
98
What is a leading-tone seventh chord? How does it function?
a seventh chord build on the seventh scale degree; can be half diminished or fully diminished
In major keys: vii half dim to I
In minor keys: vii fully dim to i
99
What is a fully diminished chord? What noes does it contain if D is the root?
diminished chord + dim 7
| D F Ab Cb
100
What does prolongation mean? And what is it's function?
blended use of vii fully dim 7 and V7 that results in a reiteration and elongation of the prevailing harmony
101
What is a nondominant seventh chord?
a seventh chord built on a scale degree that isn't the fifth scale degree
102
What are the minor-minor diatonic chords found in a major scale? Give the roman numeral designations
ii7, iii7, vi7
103
What are the major-major diatonic chords found in a major scale? Give the roman numeral designations.
I7, IV7
104
What nondominant seventh chord occurs on the 3rd note of the harmonic minor scale?
III7
105
```
Give the macro analysis symbol for each of the following chords:
1 )E major-major
2) C major-minor
3) F minor-minor
4) G diminished-minor
5) A diminished-diminished
```
1) E^M7
2) C7
3) f7
4) g half dim 7
5) a fully dim 7
106
Write the analysis symbol for each of the following chords:
1) Tonic major triad with a major 7th
2) Mediant minor triad with a minor 7th
3) Supertonic diminished triad with a minor 7th
4) Tonic minor triad with a major 7th
5) Tonic major triad with a minor 7th
6) Submediant minor triad with a major 7th
1) I^M7
2) iii7
3) ii half dim 7
4) i^M7
5) I7
6) vi^M7
107
What is a major-major chord?
Major triad + M7
108
Spell a tonic major-major chord in the key of E major.
E G# B D#
109
What is a minor-minor chord?
minor triad + m7
110
Spell a mediant minor-minor chord in the key of G major.
B D F# A
111
What is a secondary dominant?
chords that are altered to sound like dominants
112
In the key of Bb major, what is the secondary dominant of the dominant chord?
C major
113
What is a tonicized chord?
the chord to which secondary dominants progress
114
What is a secondary leading tone chord?
a temporary leading tone chord to any of the major minor triads in the key
115
What is an altered chord?
chords that contain nondiatonic tones
116
What are nondiatonic tones?
tones that are not found in the key
117
How do the notes of a secondary leading-tone chord resolve?
resolves to the major or minor triad whose root is a half step above
resolve the seventh down one diatonic scale degree
118
What is a modulation?
a process that results in a shift of the tonal center
119
List the 5 closely related keys to F major:
C major, Bb major, D minor, A minor, G minor
120
What is a common chord modulation?
when a piece changes keys and it changes on a cord that is in the original key and the new key
121
What is a phrase modulation?
a phrase cadences in one key and the next phrase begins immediately in a different key
122
What is a chromatic modulation?
occurs at the point of a chromatic progression, which involves the chromatic inflection of one or more tones
123
What is a direct modulation?
same as phrase modulation
124
What are closely related keys?
keys that differ by one accidental and their relative minors
125
What is a tritone substitution?
in a circle of fifths progression, a major-minor seventh chord can be replaced by the major-minor seventh chord an A4 below
126
What is the difference between oblique motion and similar motion?
similar motion moves in the same direction
| oblique motion one voice moves up or down while the other voice does not move
127
What is an auxiliary member in three-part form?
can be a coda, transition or introduction
128
How can ternary form be expanded?
each section can be in ternary form itself and the additions of auxiliary members
129
What is a rounded binary form?
similar to ternary form where the A section is repeated but the B section is not a complete section in itself
130
In ternary form, what chord does the A section cadence on?
I the tonic
131
Name the two kinds of simple forms?
binary and ternary
132
What is an open division?
a section cadences to something other than the tonic, commonly to V
133
What is a real answer?
Follows the exact intervals of the subject
134
What is a tonal answer?
Follows the diatonic key. Begins on dominant
135
What is a countersubject?
continuation of counterpoint in the voice that begins with the subject
136
What is augmentation, diminution, retrograde, and melodic inversion?
augmentation - double or triple note values
diminution - not values reduced
retrograde - backwards
melodic inversion - reverses direction of melody
