Ch. 4, 5, 7, 9

Question 1

What is a variation?

Answer 1

a technique used to modify a musical idea, each variation is complete within itself

Question 2

What is an Alberti bass?

Answer 2

the chord is in an ascending arpeggio of the triad

Question 3

What is a change of mode?

Answer 3

the theme changes to a new mode, typically parallel or relative major/minor

Question 4

What is an extended pitch range?

Answer 4

the melody is extended across a larger pitch interval

Question 5

What is a passacaglia?

Answer 5

ground bass, usually chromatic, triple meter, slow

Question 6

What is a theme and variation?

Answer 6

a type of composition where a theme is presented first them modified in variations. the variations are usually separated by a short pause

Question 7

What is a harmonic motive?

Answer 7

a repeated chord progression

Question 8

What is an embellished melodic line?

Answer 8

adds notes to the theme’s melody

Question 9

What is a change of harmony?

Answer 9

changes the chords that go with the theme

Question 10

What is a chaconne?

Answer 10

uses a repeated chord progression throughout the composition

Question 11

What is a unique rhythmic figure?

Answer 11

a rhythmic pattern, that wasn’t originally present in the theme, is repeated in the excerpt

Question 12

What is a change of tempo?

Answer 12

the theme’s tempo is changed

Question 13

What is a change of voice?

Answer 13

the melody is moved to a lower voice

Question 14

What is a continuous variation?

Answer 14

uses a repeated bass line, repeated harmonic progression, repeated rhythmic pattern, or versions of the three

Question 15

What is a ground bass?

Answer 15

a short melody maintained in the lowest voice and repeated throughout the piece

Question 16

What is a change of meter?

Answer 16

the theme is changed to a new time signature

Question 17

What are borrowed chords?

Answer 17

chords borrowed from the parallel major/minor

Question 18

What is a modal mixture?

Answer 18

borrowing chords from the parallel major/minor

Question 19

When in a major key, what chords may be borrowed from the minor mode?

Answer 19

ii^dim6
ii^half dim7
iv
bVI
vii^dim7

Question 20

What chord may be borrowed when in the minor (give roman numeral)?

Answer 20

I

Question 21

What is the name for the chord borrowed from major when in minor?

Answer 21

Picardy 3rd

Question 22

To what chord does the bVI resolve?

Answer 22

Tonic

Question 23

When you realize a figured bass, what do you write when you see a b3?

Answer 23

lower the note a half step that is a third above the bass note

Question 24

When writing music, does the time signature appear at the beginning f every system?

Answer 24

No, only the first line

Question 25

When writing music, does the key signature appear at the beginning of every system?

Answer 25

yes

Question 26

What is a basso ostinato?

Answer 26

ground bass | short melody maintained in the lowest voice and repeated throughout the composition

Question 27

What is a Neapolitan 6th chord?

Answer 27

a major triad on the lowered second scale degree of a major or minor scale

Question 28

What is the proper abbreviation for the Neapolitan 6th chord?

Answer 28

N^6

Question 29

In what inversion does the Neapolitan 6th usually appear?

Answer 29

first inversion

Question 30

In what era did the Neapolitan 6th chord first appear?

Answer 30

baroque

Question 31

In what eras were Neapolitan 6th chords primarily used?

Answer 31

classical and romantic

Question 32

List eight variation techniques.

Answer 32

``` Change of meter Change of tempo Extended pitch range Harmonic motive Alberti bass Change of mode Embellished melodic line Change of harmony Change of voice ```

Question 33

Give an example of a non-traditional meter

Answer 33

7/8

Question 34

What is a refrain?

Answer 34

Rondo theme

Question 35

What is an episode?

Answer 35

inserted between recurring statements of the refrain, typically in contrasting keys

Question 36

What is a transition?

Answer 36

connects a refrain to an episode

Question 37

What is a retransition?

Answer 37

connects an episode to a refrain

Question 38

What is 3-part Rondo?

Answer 38

A B A | often slow movements

Question 39

What is 5-part rondo?

Answer 39

A B A C A | often slow movements

Question 40

What is 7-part rondo?

Answer 40

A B A C A B A most common rondo type final movement

Question 41

What is sonata rondo?

Answer 41

A B A Development A B A | mix of sonata and rondo forms