Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Music Theory > Ch. 1-12 > Flashcards

Ch. 1-12 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Ultimate Music Theory flashcards
1
Q

What is four-voice texture?

A

four separate moving voices forming chords

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is a chorale?

A

used in German protestant churches during the time of Bach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is stylistic practice?

A

rules for writing four voice texture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is a common tone?

A

a note that is in two successive chords

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is doubling?

A

In a chord, a note that is sounding in two voices

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the stylistic practice when both chords are in root position and the two chords lie a perfect 4th or 5th apart?

A

keep the common tone and move all other voices to closest tone in the chord, otherwise use good voice writing by moving each voice to the closest tone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is overlap in four part writing?

A

when a voice goes higher than the note previously sang by an adjacent voice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are crossed voices?

A

when the voices are not in SATB order

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is proper spacing in four part writing?

A

no more than an octave between soprano, alto and tenor. between tenor and bass doesn’t matter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are unequal fifths?

A

one voice moves a P5 and the other moves a d5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is close position?

A

when soprano, alto and tenor are within an octave

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is a circle progression?

A

chords moving in ascending fourths or descending fifths

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are perfect intervals?

A

P1, P4, P5, P8

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are diminished intervals?

A

a perfect interval lowered a half step or a major interval lowered a whole step

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is a macro analysis?

A

naming the chord with the letter corresponding to the roman numeral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are diminished triads?

A

m3 + d5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the stylistic practice when both chords are in root position and the two roots lie a 3rd apart?

A

Keep both common tones and move the remaining upper voice stepwise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the stylistic practice when the roots lie a 2nd apart?

A

Move the upper 3 voices in contrary motion to the bass making sure that each moves to the nearest chord tone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the stylistic practice when chords are repeated?

A

Maintain proper doubling and range of voices, and keep the usual order of voices

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the stylistic practice for voice leading in first-inversion major and minor triads (not dim)?

A

Double any triad factor that facilitates smooth voice leading. Never double the leading tone.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the stylistic practice for the leading tone triad (vii*)?

A

most often progresses to the tonic. doubling the bass is preferred, but also 5th factor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the stylistic practice for the ii*6 triad in minor keys?

A

most often progresses to the dominant. double the bass note, or the root

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is tonality?

A

an organized system of tones in which one tone (the tonic) becomes the central point to which the remaining tones are related

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are the four ways you may use a 6/4 chord?

A

cadential
passing bass
arpeggiated bass
pedal bass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What part writing rules can NEVER be broken?

A

no parallel P5s, P1s, or P8s
use a voice’s proper range
do not write melodic A2s or A4s
never double the leading tone of a scale

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is a tritone?

A

A4 or D5, which divides the octave into 2 equal parts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is a phrase?

A

a substantial musical thought, which ends with a cadence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is a harmonic cadence?

A

closes a phrase or section of music

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is an imperfect cadence? List the 3 qualifications for an imperfect cadence.

A

V to I. Does not meet requirement for PAC. Tonic is highest sounding note in tonic or both are in root position.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What is a half cadence and a plagal cadence?

A

HC - anything to V

plagal - IV to I

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What is a phrygian half cadence?

A

iv6 to V

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What is a deceptive cadence?

A

V to anything but I

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What is an escape tone?

A

approached by step and left by skip in opposite direction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What is an anticipation?

A

note in the next chord that is played before the chord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What is a suspension? Include how many parts and the name of each part.

A

note from previous chord held into the next.

3 parts = preparation, suspension and resolution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What is an appoggiatura?

A

approached by skip and left by step in opposite direction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What are changing tones?

A

two successive nonharmonic tones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What is a motive?

A

a melodic or rhythmic pattern occurring throughout a piece

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

What is the difference between a real sequence and a tonal sequence?

A

a real sequence contains continuing segments that are exact transpositions or the first segment. a tonal sequence accommodates the diatonic scale

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

What is a modified sequence?

A

some of the segments may be decorated or embellished in a way that does not destroy the original character

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

What is a false sequence?

A

repeats part of a figure and states the remainder in sequence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

What is a phrase member?

A

individual units of a phrase sufficiently separated, usually by a longer note value or rest

43
Q

What is a period (parallel and contrasting)?

A

Parallel - a motive that is repeated exactly the same at a different pitch
Contrasting - has a relationship to the motive but is not the same

44
Q

What is a double period?

A

AKA 4-phrase period; allows for a variety of phrase relationships. the 4th phrase must bring the period closure and be at least as strong as any of the other 3

45
Q

What is a phrase extension?

A

phrase whose length has been increased through the elongation of some part

46
Q

What is a climax tone?

A

the highest sounding note

47
Q

Name all four kinds of texture and define each of them

A

Monophonic - one distinct melody
Homophonic - one melody + accompaniment
Polyphonic - two or more distinct melodies
Homorhythmic - similar rhythmic material in all parts

48
Q

What is textural reduction?

A

removing parts to only block chords

49
Q

What is first species counterpoint?

A

one note in the counterpoint for each note in the cantus firmus

50
Q

Give the range, final and relationship to a major scale for the Dorian mode.

A

Range - D to D
Final - D
Relationship - flat 3rd and 7th

51
Q

Give the range, final and relationship to a major scale for the Lydian mode.

A

Range - F to F
Final - F
Relationship - sharp 4th

52
Q

Give the range, final and relationship to a major scale for the Mixolydian mode.

A

Range - G to G
Final - G
Relationship - flat 7th

53
Q

Give the range, final and relationship to a major scale for the Phrygian mode.

A

Range - E to E
Final - E
Relationship - flat 2nd, 3rd, 6th and 7th

54
Q

Give the range, final and relationship to a major scale for the Aeolian mode.

A

Range - A to A
Final - A
Relationship - nat minor scale

55
Q

Give the range, final and relationship to a major scale for the Ionian mode.

A

Range - C to C
Final - C
Relationship - major scale

56
Q

What is open position?

A

When soprano, alto, and tenor span more than an octave

57
Q

What is timbre?

A

characteristic sound of a voice or instrument

58
Q

What are partials?

A

The overtones also sounding in a pitch

59
Q

What are augmented intervals?

A

a perfect interval raised a half step and a major interval raised a half step

60
Q

What is a period?

A

2 musical phrases in which the second phrase ends in a stronger cadence

61
Q

What is a sequence?

A

the immediate restatement of a melodic motive or longer figure in the same instrumental or vocal part at a higher or lower pitch

62
Q

What are pedal tones?

A

The bass plays the same note several times in a row

63
Q

What is texture?

A

the way the melodic, rhythmic, and harmonic materials are woven together in a composition

64
Q

What are inversions of intervals? Describe, and give 2 examples.

A

The lower tone of the interval becomes the higher tone or the higher tone becomes the lower tone. P5 becomes P4. M6 becomes m3

65
Q

Name 2 tuning systems.

A

Equal temperament and Pythagorean tuning and Unequal temperament

66
Q

What is harmonic progression?

A

The way in which chords succeed each other in a piece of music

67
Q

What are root relationships?

A

the ability to analyze individual chord progressions in terms of the interval formed between their roots

68
Q

What is a circle progression?

A

adjacent chord roots in ascending fourth or descending fifth relationship

69
Q

What are noncircle progressions?

A

a progression that is not a circle progression

70
Q

What is an ascending fifth progression?

A

adjacent chords whose roots lie an ascending fifth or descending fourth apart. I - V is most common

71
Q

What is an ascending second progression?

A

adjacent chords whose roots lie in the relationship of an ascending second. Most common is IV - V

72
Q

What is a descending third progression?

A

adjacent chords whose roots lie in a relationship of descending thirds. Often used I - vi

73
Q

What is harmonic rhythm?

A

the frequency of harmonic changes in a composition

74
Q

What is style?

A

a certain standard of musical communication

75
Q

What is a seventh chord?

A

a triad with an added note a seventh degree above the root

76
Q

What is a dominant seventh chord?

A

Major triad + m7 built on the fifth scale degree

77
Q

What is major-minor?

A

describes the dominant seventh chord because it consists of a major triad and a minor seventh

78
Q

What is a blues scale?

A

flat 3rd and 7th

79
Q

What is a diminished scale?

A

eight note scale composed of alternating whole steps and half steps

80
Q

What are nondiatonic scales?

A

a scale that does not observe the interval sequence of the diatonic or pentatonic scales

81
Q

What are augmented triads?

A

M3 + A5

82
Q

What is a second inversion of a chord?

A

The fifth factor is in the bass and is identified by a 6/4

83
Q

What is organum?

A

early form of polyphony from medieval period in which chant moved in P5s or P8s, then later involved contrary motion and melismas.

84
Q

What are parallel fifths?

A

moving the harmonic interval of a P5 from one chord to the next

85
Q

What is an alto clef?

A

a C clef on the 2nd line of a staff

86
Q

What is a double sharp?

A

Raises a note a whole step

87
Q

What is meter?

A

The time signature of a piece

beats per measure, what note gets a beat

88
Q

What is the difference between a triad and a chord?

A

a triad is just the root, 3rd, and 5th factors

a chord uses those notes and doubles and can also include a 7th factor

89
Q

What is a perfect authentic cadence?

A

V to I. The tonic must be the highest sounding note in tonic triad AND both chords must be in root position

90
Q

How is a diminished seventh chord formed?

A

diminished triad + m7 = half diminished

diminished triad + d7 = fully diminished

91
Q

What chords are used in a complete circle progression?

A

I - IV - vii* - iii - vi - ii - V - I

92
Q

Give three examples of an ascending fifth or descending fourth progression.

A

I - V
IV - I
V - ii

93
Q

Give two examples of ascending second progressions.

A

IV - V

vii* - I

94
Q

For what purpose are ascending second progressions used?

A

to prepare a shift from one circle progression to another

95
Q

Give the macro symbol for each of the following chords in the key of Bb:
tonic
subdominant, 1st inv
dominant seventh, root

A

tonic = Bb
subdominant = Eb
dominant seventh = F7

96
Q

What is a dominant seventh chord?

A

Major triad + m7

97
Q

What are the symbols for inversions of the dominant seventh chord?

A

first inv = 6/5
second inv = 4/3
third inv = 4/2

98
Q

To what chord does the dominant seventh chord most commonly resolve?

A

tonic

99
Q

What rules must be followed when the dominant seventh chord resolves?

A

resolve the seventh factor down one scale degree

100
Q

What is a “noncircle resolution”?

A

When a chord does not resolve using a circle progression

101
Q

How is a half-diminished seventh chord formed?

A

diminished triad + m7

102
Q

To what chord do diminished seventh and half-diminished seventh chords resolve?

A

to the tonic or through the V7

103
Q

What rules must be followed when resolving diminished seventh and half-diminished seventh chords?

A

resolve the seventh factor down one diatonic scale degree

resolve the root upward to the tonic

Music Theory (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions