quiz #9 Flashcards
body heat is constant and is controlled from cellular respiration
Endotherm
after the amniotic egg, one group became reptiles, the other became
mammals
generate their own body heat
endothermic
hair
insulation
mammary glands
produce milk
ancestors were lemurs
-tree living
-forward eyes with binocular vision
-rotation of arms
-opposable thumbs, fingers, and toes
Humans
study of the interactions between organisms and their environments
ecology
studies of individual behaviors
individuals
a group of single species
populations
all living things within a region
communities
includes living and nonliving things within a region
ecosystems
an exponential increase occurs when each individual produces more than the single offspring necessary to replace itself
exponential growth
a group of organisms of the same species living in a particular geographical region
population
the change in the number of individuals in the population in some unit of time
growth rate
populations that initially grow, but whose growth later levels out, have experienced logistic growth, sometimes referred to as the s-shaped growth curve
logistic growth
all the forces of the environment that act to limit population growth
environmental growth
some populations do not grow logistically, but fluctuates in cycles
Population cycles
indicate the population is slow growing or not at all
-industrialized countries (Norway)
-Birth rates are low and death rates are low
Rectangular shaped age pyramids
indicates high birth rates, and a growing population
-birth rates are high, and death rates are high
Triangle shaped age pyramids
specific age groups in an age pyramid
cohorts
increasing birth rates from wwII, until the 1960s, people had 30% more babies
Baby Boom
higher levels of education, employment, and health care reduces birth rate
Demographic transition
defined as variety among living things, takes primary forms
-a diversity of species in a given area.
-a geographic distribution of species populations
-genetic diversity within species populations
Biodiversity
community of biological organisms plus the non-living components with which the organisms interact
ecosystem
all the living organisms within the community
biotic domain
the physical environment, habitat, consists of chemicals (soil, water,air and physical conditions (temperature, moisture, energy)
abiotic domain
large ecosystems determined by temperature and rainfall
biomes
tropical rainforests, tundra, chapparal
Terrestrial Biomes
coral reefs, oceans and streams, estuaries and wetland
aquatic biomes
nutritional flow of energy
trophic
convert sunlight into chemical energy (food)
producers
the herebivors
primary consumers
the carnivores
secondary consumers
the “top carnivores
tertiary consumers
break down organic material and recycle them back to the environment
decomposers
an animal that eats 5 pounds of plants does not gain 5 pounds in body weight, instead, they only obtain 10%
-the other 90% is used in cellular respiration or becomes waste
the 10% rule
an increase in nutrient such as nitrogen and phosphorus into an ecosystem
eutrophication
