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Biology 1 > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

a linear piece of DNA wrapped around Proteins for efficient storage

A

Chromosome

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2
Q

linear chromosomes within a nucleus

A

Eukaryotic Cells

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3
Q

Single Circular chromosome attached to the Cell membrane

A

Prokaryotic

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4
Q

a chromosome with the same genetic information with slight variation in sequence

A

Homologous Chromosomes

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5
Q

A pair of homologous chromosomes, i;e. PATERNAL AND MATERNAL CHROMSOME

A

Homologous Pair

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6
Q

the chromatid of a chromosome that has been replicated, resulting in identical genetic sequences

A

Sister chromatids

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7
Q

The process of Cell Division

A

Mitosis

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8
Q

The genetic material is replicated during the DMA synthesis portion of interphase

A

Interphase

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9
Q

Chromatids condense, spindle fibers form, and the nuclear envelope dissolves

A

Prophase

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10
Q

chromatids line up in the center, spindle fibers attach to chromatids

A

metaphase

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11
Q

spindle fibers separate sister chromatids, chromosomes move toward the side

A

Anaphase

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12
Q

nuclear membrane form around each set of DNA, Chromosomes decondense

A

Telophase

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13
Q

cytoplasm divides into 2, resulting in 2 daughter cells

A

Cytoskines

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14
Q

unrestrained cell growth and division

A

Cancer

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15
Q

spread to adjacent tissue

A

Metastasize

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16
Q

A in Dna may cause a cell to grow out of control

A

Mutuation

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17
Q

DNA damaging agents such as x rays, sun, nuclear radiation, viruses

A

Mutagens

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18
Q

A single parent produces identical offspring

A

Asexual

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19
Q

offspring produced by fertilization, therefore are not identical

A

Sexual reproduction

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20
Q

the fusion of sperm and egg

A

Fertilization

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21
Q

the process of cell division that results in daughter cells that are not identical to the parent cell

A

Meiosis

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22
Q

The collection of all the DNA sequences required to build an individual

A

Genome

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23
Q

a cell that has only two copies of each chromosome. result in mitosis

A

Diploid

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24
Q

a cell that has only one copy of each chromosome, result of meiosis

A

Haploid

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25
Q

results in two daughter cells with 46 chromosomes

A

PMAT I

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26
Q

results in 4 daughter cells with 23 chromsomes

A

PMAT II

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27
Q

Variation of a gene, DNA sequence is slightly different

A

Allele

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28
Q

the swapping of genetic DNA between homologous chromosomes

A

Crossing Over

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29
Q

fuels produced from plant and animal products

30
Q

fuels from fossils in the form of oil, natural gas, coal, etc

A

fossil fuels

31
Q

fuels that supply energy to most living things (ATP)

A

food fuels

32
Q

energy captured by the sun and then stored into the chemical bonds of sugar

A

photosyntheiss

33
Q

energy produced by living things using the chemical bonds stored in food

A

cellular respiration

34
Q

the capacity to do work, the movement of matter against an opposing force

35
Q

energy in motion

A

kinetic energy

36
Q

stored energy

A

potential energy

37
Q

energy can never be created or destroyed only transfers from one form to another

A

1st law of thermodynamics

38
Q

energy transfers is not efficient and always results in the production of heat

A

2nd law of thermodynamics

39
Q

02+c6H1206=6c02+6h20+36 ATP

A

Cellular Respiration equation

40
Q

Glycolysis
Transition
krebs cycle
electron transport chain

A

stages of cellular respiration

41
Q

2ATP and NADH

A

the end result of glycolysis

42
Q

NADH, C02 AND ACETYL COA

A

the end results of transition

43
Q

NADH, FADH2, CO2, 2ATP

A

the end result of Krebs cycle

44
Q

32 ATP

A

the end result of electron transport chain

45
Q

6C02 +6H20=C6H1206+6O2

A

Photosynthesis equation

46
Q

takes up space

47
Q

NADP+H20 sunlight=02+NADPH

A

light reaction equation

48
Q

NADPH +C02=C6H1206

A

Calvin cycle equation

49
Q

light is captured by splitting water and producing oxygen

A

Light reaction

50
Q

sugar is made by assembling sugar molecules using carbon dioxide in the air

A

Calvin Cycle

51
Q

light-harvesting organelles where photosynthesis takes place

A

chlorplasts

52
Q

structures where the light reaction occurs

A

thylakoids

53
Q

liquid in which the calvin cycle occurs

54
Q

the range of energy in light

A

electromagnetic spectrum

55
Q

absorbs red and blue-violet, reflects green

A

chlorophyll a

56
Q

absorbs blue, red-orange, reflects yellow green

A

chlorophyll b

57
Q

absorb blue-violet and blue, green, reflects yellow,orange, and red

A

carotenoids

58
Q

a nucleic acid macromolecule that stores genetic information

A

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)

59
Q

a segment of DNA sequence found on the chromosome that encodes for a protein

60
Q

a copy of the gene’s sequence is made, known as mRNA

A

transcription

61
Q

the information on mRNA is used to make the protien

A

Translation

62
Q

messenger RNA, the middleman between genetic information and protein production

63
Q

large complex holding all things together

A

Ribbosomes

64
Q

holds the anticodon and the amino acid

65
Q

holds the codon

66
Q

a three-base sequence that matches up with a three-base sequence on the mRNA.

A

Anti-Codon

67
Q

a three-base sequence on mRNA that matches with a tRNA that carries one particular amino acid

68
Q

a string of amino acids, produced during translation

A

polypeptide chain

69
Q

a polypeptide chain that has been folded into it’s natural shape

70
Q

DNA replication occurs

A

spontaneous

71
Q

x rays, UV, Nucleur

72
Q

smoking, vaping, engine exhaust

Biology 1 (5 decks)

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