Quiz #6 Flashcards
-Pea plants are an ideal study organism
-They are easy to maintain
-They are easy to breed
-They reproduce quickly; multiple generations can be observed Mendel’s Research Approach
Mendel’s Research Approach
Variation of a gene
Allele
a trait that gets expressed in the hetrozygote
domain
the trait that does not get expressed in a hetrozygote
Recessive
possessing two different alleles
Hetrozygote
possessing two identical alleles
Homozygote
the outward appearance of an individual (expressed trait)
phenotype
the organisms genetic composition
Genotype
a heterozygote that carries a recessive allele that does not get expressed
carrier
a useful tool for determining the possible outcomes of a cross between two individuals
Punnett Squares
a useful tool to document a trait of interest across multiple generations of family members
pedigree
When there is more than a single dominant and recessive allele
Complex Genetics
occurs when a heterozygote exhibits an intermediate phenotype between the two homozygotes
Incomplete Dominance
Hetrozygotes express both phenotypes
Codominance
occurs when there are three or more alleles for a gene within a population. An individual still inherits only two alleles- one from each parent
Multiple Allelism
Chemicals on the surface of some cells. They act as signposts that tell the immune system whether the cell belongs to the body
Antigens
Immune system molecules that attack cells with foreign antigens
Antibodies
red blood cells have A antigens
an individual produces antibodies that attack B antigens
Type A
Red blood cells have B antigens
an individual produces antibodies that attack A antigen
Type B
Red blood cells have A and B antigens
individual produces neither A nor B antibodies
individual is universal recipient
Type AB
red blood cells have neither A nor B antigens
individual produces antibodies that attack A and B antigens
individual is universal donor
Type O
produced by a gene carried on the X chromosome. Women carry two copies of the y chromosome while men carry an x chromosome and a y chromsome
Sex-linked traits
collected finches
noticed they were different like we are to each other, but realized finches were different species
though finches were different species, they all resembled a species found on the mainlaid
Darwin’s finches
Darwin thought perhaps the best individuals would win during periods of struggle
published the origin of species
an instant hit
evolution and natural selection changed the world in scientific thinking
theory of evolution
