quiz 8- week 10 Flashcards
What is symbiosis?
A relationship between organisms of different species that evolve together
Define mutualism in symbiosis.
A relationship where both species cannot exist without the other
What is synergism?
A symbiotic relationship where two species can exist separately but benefit from each other.
What is commensalism?
A relationship where one species benefits, and there is no harm or benefit to the other.
What is amensalism?
A type of symbiosis where one species harms another.
Define parasitism.
A relationship where one species benefits at the expense of the host and relies on the host for survival.
Describe the structure of food webs in ecosystems.
Autotrophs feed heterotrophs, which in turn feed larger heterotrophs; bacteria serve as autotrophs or small heterotrophs.
What are common types of plant pathogens?
Viral, bacterial, and mostly fungal pathogens.
Where is natural carbon mostly found?
In rocks
Where is natural nitrogen primarily found?
In the atmosphere as N2
What are the steps involved in wastewater treatment?
1) Large particulates are removed, 2) Microbes metabolize organic content and remove nitrogen/phosphorus, 3) Microbes are sedimented and filtered out, 4) Pathogens are monitored, including bacteria, viruses, and eukaryotic pathogens.
What impact do nitrogen-rich fertilizers have on ecosystems and CO₂ production?
They can cause algal blooms, increase CO₂ production, and revive dead zones
How do mutualism and parasitism compare?
Both are close associations, but in mutualism, both species benefit, whereas in parasitism, one benefits at the expense of the other.
How does indoor air quality benefit from exchanging indoor air with outdoor air?
It reduces pollutants, microbes, and allergens, improving overall air quality.
What is the role of a HEPA filter?
It removes droplets containing microbes, reducing airborne pathogen transmission.
