quiz 8

Question 1

define mamogenesis

Answer 1

process of the development of the mammary gland

Question 2

define puerperium

Answer 2

period after parturition when the repro tract repairs itself and returns to non preg condition. It becomes prepared for another pregnancy

Question 3

define lactogenesis

Answer 3

initiation of milk synthesis and secretion

Question 4

three main purposes of myometrial contractions during the puerperium period. List the three
What hormone influences the myometrial contractions during this time

Answer 4

discharge fluids and tissue debris (lochia)
compress uterine vasculature, hemorrhage
reduce size of uterus (length and weight)

hormone: sustained release of PGF2a

Question 5

describe the difference between milk secretion and milk letdown

Answer 5

milk secretion is the synthesis of the milk that continually occurs. Prior to suckling, the majoirity of the milk is located in the alveolar lumina and fine ducts draining the alveoli. The milk stays here until triggered by a mechanism to allow milk letdown. Milk letdown is the active transfer of milk from the alveoli and alveolar ducts into the larger mammary ducts, the cisterns and into the teat or nipple where it can be removed via suckling by the neonate

Question 6

what are the four events of the puerperium period

Answer 6

myometrium contractions and expulsion of lochia

endometrial repair

resumption of ovarian function (cyclicity)

elimination of bacterial contamination

Question 7

explain the active neuro endocrine pathway of milk letdown

Answer 7

offspring suckles which is the sensory activation

this has a neural activation of the hypothalamus

ocytocin is released into the blood stream

contraction of the myoepithelium cells occur

mechanical transfer of milk from alveoli into ducts and finally into the teat/nipple

Question 8

what hormone retards milk synthesis in the non lactating mammary gland

Answer 8

progesterone

Question 9

regeneration of the endometrium is considered complete between 2-3 weeks in the horse in the horse and pig; and 4-5 weeks in ruminants. Why the difference?

Answer 9

regeneration of the endometrium is different between a horse/pig and ruminants because of the type of placenta present each. A sow and mare contain a diffuse placenta, whereas ruminants contain a cotyledonary placenta. The repairs take longer due to the repair on the caruncle tissue as well as the rest of the endometrium

Question 10

define uterine involution

Answer 10

this is the restoration of the uterus to normal nonpregnant size and function after parturition

Question 11

define lochia

Answer 11

lochia is the uterine discharge that contains remnants of the placenta and endometrial tissues. Lochia includes mucus, blood, shreds of fetal membranes, maternal tissue, and fetal fluids. It is to help clean out the repro tract after parturition