Quiz 7 - Health challenges and the renal system

Question 1

The functional unit of the kidney is the:

nephron
collecting duct
calyx
pyramid

Answer 1

nephron

Question 2

All of the following are components of the nephron except the:

renal pelvis
loop of Henle
proximal tubule
renal corpuscle

Answer 2

renal pelvis

Question 3

On average the kidneys receive approximately _____ of the cardiac output.

15%
35%
25%
5%

Answer 3

25%

Question 4

The descending segment of the loop of Henle primarily allows for:

potassium secretion
water reabsorption
sodium secretion
hydrogen ion secretion

Answer 4

water reabsorption

Question 5

Which of the following substances are actively secreted by the renal tubules?

sodium and chlorine
phosphate and calcium
bicarbonate and carbonic acid
hydrogen and potassium

Answer 5

Which of the following substances are actively secreted by the renal tubules?

sodium and chlorine
phosphate and calcium
bicarbonate and carbonic acid
hydrogen and potassium

Question 6

Reabsorption of water in the collecting ducts requires which of these hormones?

antidiuretic hormone
aldosterone
renin
atrial natriuretic factor

Answer 6

antidiuretic hormone

Question 7

A 35-year-old hypertensive male begins taking a thiazide diuretic. Which of the following is a common side effect of this medication?

hypokalaemia
hypernatraemia
hyponatraemia
increased uric acid secretion

Answer 7

hypokalaemia

Question 8

The filtration of the plasma per unit of time is known as the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). GFR is directly related to the:

hydrostatic pressure in the Bowman’s capsule
vascular resistance in the glomerular arterioles
perfusion pressure in the glomerular capillaries
oncotic pressure in the glomerular capillaries

Answer 8

perfusion pressure in the glomerular capillaries

Question 9

The renin-angiotensin system will be activated by:

increased blood volume
renal hypoxia
elevated sodium concentrations
decreased blood pressure in the afferent arterioles

Answer 9

decreased blood pressure in the afferent arterioles

Question 10

Renal secretion of renin causes the direct activation of:

angiotensin I
aldosterone
angiotensin II
antidiuretic hormone

Answer 10

angiotensin I

Question 11

The best clinical measure of renal function is:

volume of urine output
circulating ADH levels
urine-specific gravity
glomerular filtration rate

Answer 11

glomerular filtration rate

Question 12

An ACE inhibitor would have the following effect:

increase glomerular filtration rate
increase the volume of urine output
increase urinary osmolality
increase the blood pressure

Answer 12

increase the volume of urine output

Question 13

A serum marker of renal function is:

ketones
bilirubin
glucose
urea

Answer 13

urea

Question 14

The portion of the male urethra that is closest to the bladder is the:

vas deferens portion
cavernous portion
membranous portion
prostatic portion

Answer 14

prostatic portion

Question 15

The most common type of renal stone is composed of:

struvite
phosphate
magnesium
calcium

Answer 15

calcium

Question 16

A 75-year-old male complains to his GP of loss of urine on coughing, sneezing or laughing. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

functional incontinence
stress incontinence
urge incontinence
overflow incontinence

Answer 16

stress incontinence

Question 17

Mechanisms for defence against urinary pathogens in women include:

acid pH of urine
antimicrobial secretions from the vagina
the long length of the urethra
antimicrobial secretions from the prostate

Answer 17

acid pH of urine

Question 18

A 28-year-old female presents with fever, chills and flank pain. She is diagnosed with pyelonephritis. Her infection is located in the:

renal pelvis
glomerulus
renal tubules
bladder

Answer 18

renal pelvis

Question 19

The most common condition associated with the development of acute pyelonephritis is:

cystitis
urinary tract obstruction
nephrotic syndrome
renal cancer

Answer 19

urinary tract obstruction