Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Anesthesia > Quiz 7--Equine & Ruminant Anesthesia > Flashcards

Quiz 7--Equine & Ruminant Anesthesia Flashcards

1
Q

Two antibiotics that can have bad interactions with anesthetics

A

Aminoglycosides (profound weakness by altering Ca release)

K-Penicillin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Concerning horse anesthesia:

1) what should be withheld before surgery
2) for how long

A

1) just food (not water)

2) for 12 hours (longer may prolong recovery)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Most commonly used opioid analgesic in horses

A

Butorphanol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What two types of drugs are combined with a neuroleptanalgesic

A

sedative/tranquilizer with an opioid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

A good drug combination for separation anxiety in mares

A

Ace + Xylazine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Drug combinations including ____ wouldn’t be ideal for CT because?

A

Butorphanol; it enhances hearing so horses may become anxious

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Which sedative, when combined with butorphanol, induces LESS ataxia

A

Detomidine (compared to Xylazine)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which neuroleptanaglesic drug combination can also be given as a CRI?

A

Detomidine + Butorphanol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

3 main effects of Lidocaine

A

Analgesic
Prokinetic
Anti-inflammatory/anti-endotoxic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which drug is commonly used as adjuctive treatment for sepsis and endotoxemia in horses?

A

Lidocaine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How does Lidocaine cause analgesic effects?

A

Na channel blockade

this is why it’s good for arrhythmias too

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

On which receptor does Ketamine act to produce its anesthetic/analgesic effects

A

NMDA (antagonist)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Typical rate for a Ketamine CRI

A

0.4-0.8 mg/kg/hr

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Name antagonists for:

1) alpha-2 antagonism (3)
2) Opioids (1)
3) Benzodiazepines (1)

A

1) yohimbine, Tolazoline, Atipamezole
2) Naloxone
3) Flumazenil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Unless contraindicated, EVERY horse receives what as part of their anesthetic protocol?

A

pre-medication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

A sign of overdose with GG (Guaifenesin) is?

A

extensor rigidity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

GG is prepared as a ___% solution; and higher would cause?

A

5-10% (in dextrose)

Higher than 10% leads to hemolysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Dosing for inducing with Xylazine-Ketamine in horses?

How does it change for ponies and high-strung horses?

A

0.5mg/lb Xylazine

1mg/lb Ketamine

increase Ketamine to 1.25mg/lb for ponies/high strung horses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Which two drugs can be added to the XK protocol in horses? Function of each?

A

Butorphanol–improves analgesia

Dizepam–improves muscle relaxation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the concentration of equine triple-drip?

A

0.5mg/ml Xylazine

2mg/ml Ketamine

50mg/ml GG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the maintenance rate for equine triple drip?

A

1ml/lb/hr (0.004 drops/lb/sec)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

A good drug combination for donkeys and mules that aren’t induced by XK

A

Xylazine-butorphanol-Telazol

23
Q

Instead of having a fluorine like sevo, iso has?

24
Q

Comparing Sevo & Iso:

Even though sevo has a (lower/higher) blood solubility, it doesn’t induce much faster than Iso due to its high ______

A

sevo has LOWER blood solubility but a HIGHER MAC

*less soluble (good) but less potent (bad)

25
Concerning witholding of food and water for ruminants, how long is indicated for: 1) small ruminants 2) large ruminants 3) neonates
1) food for 12-24hr; water 8-12hr 2) food for 24-48hr; water for 24hr 3) do NOT fast--get hypoglycemic quickly
26
Best site for jugular placement in llamas?
Right jugular vein (more superficial)
27
Describe the sensitivities to xylazine (most to least sensitive) 1) compare goats to sheep 2) compare cattle, horses, llamas, alpacas, and camelids
1) goats more sensitive than sheep | 2) Cattle > camelids > horses, llamas > alpacas
28
Name 3 cattle breeds from most to least sensitive to Xylazine
Brahamns > Hereford > Holstein
29
To which alpha-2 reversal agent are ruminants and camelids sensitive?
Tolazoline
30
A good drug combination for ruminants to induce recumbency/immobilization but not anesthesia
Diazepam (or Midazolam) + Xylazine
31
In equines, which drug can be given during recovery following inhalant anesthesia? Why?
Xylazine--helps the horse stay down longer so they stand when fully ready
32
What position should a horse be recovered in following surgery?
What ever position they were in for surgery Don't flip them!!
33
Name 5 causes of post-anesthetic neuropathy in horses
1) excessive depth of anesthesia 2) hypotension 3) poor perfusion/increased pressure on muscle 4) poor positioning 5) inadequate padding
34
The normal MAP for horses
60-90mmHg
35
Moderate hypercapnia can have beneficial effects. why?
CO2 is vasodilatory--can improve tissue perfusion and increase catecholamine release
36
How can you estimate PaCO2 in horses?
Use ETCO2 Add 1-5mmHg to ETCO2
37
Which surgical position of the equine patient can lead to hypoxemia?
Dorsal recumbency
38
In llamas, which two muscle cover the jugular vein?
Sternomandibularis | Brachiocephalicus
39
Two respiratory side effects of Xylazine common to sheep?
Hypoxemia | Pulmonary edema
40
Two locations for caudal epidural analgesia?
Sacrococcygeal (S5-Co1) | Intercoccygeal (Co1-Co2)
41
In cattle and llamas, Xylazine can be combined with which drug to prolong caudal epidural analgesia
Lidocaine
42
Which caudal epidural drug provides the shortest duration of analgesia
Lidocaine (alone)
43
Comparing lumbosacral to caudal epidural analgesia, which form impacts motor nerves and causes hindlimb paralysis?
Lumbosacral epidural analgesia
44
Two types of paravertebral nerve blocks. Which blocks before and which blocks after the nerves branch?
Proximal & Distal paravertebral nerve blocks Proximal--BEFORE Distal--AFTER branching
45
Which nerves are blocked with the paravertebral blocks and where do you perform each one?
T13, L1, L2 Proximal--block just caudal to corresponding vertebra Distal--block at L1, L2, L4
46
T/F: Xylazine & Ketamine can be given as a bolus injection to ruminants to induce and maintain anesthesia
TRUE *ruminants don't show excitement with ketamine (unlike horses)
47
Which drugs are found the combination "Llama's lullaby"?
Xylazine Butorphanol Ketamine
48
What is the concentration of BOVINE triple drip?
50mg/ml GG 2mg/ml Ketamine 0.1 mg/ml Xylazine
49
What is the maintenance rate for bovine triple drip?
2.2ml/kg/hr
50
Best drug choice/combo for high risk ruminants patients?
Diazepam (or Midazolam) + Ketamine **Also preferred for uretheral obstruction**
51
Drug choice for sedation/immobilization of free-roaming cattle? What can you combine it with?
Telazol *Combine with Xylazine & Ketamine (TKX-Ru)
52
Which type of ruminants are at higher risk for radial nerve paralysis?
Camelids
53
Cattle should always be recovered in what position?
Sternal recumbency

Anesthesia (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions