Quiz 4--Injectable Anesthetics

Question 1

Name the 2 dissociative anesthetics

Answer 1

Ketamine

Telazol

Question 2

How do dissociative anesthetics work (i.e. which area(s) do they depress and which to they excite)

Answer 2

depression of thalamocortical system

activation of limbic system

Question 3

This drug is associate with tissue irritation if given IM due to it’s low pH (3.5)

Answer 3

Ketamine

Question 4

Which reflexes remain present with ketamine?

Answer 4

Palpebral, corneal, and swallowing

Question 5

Primary receptor responsible for ketamine analgesic effects?

Answer 5

NMDA receptor (antagonizes it)

*Also opiate and phencyclidine

Question 6

Due to increasing cerebral metabolic O2 requirements, which drugs should NOT be used in head injury/high ICP patient’s?
(1 pre-anesthetic, 1 injectable)

Answer 6

Ketamine

Acepromazine

Question 7

In which species can ketamine induce excitement? How can it be avoided?

Answer 7

Dogs & horses

give a preanesthetic tranquilizer or sedative prior to ketamine

Question 8

Why would you use Diazepam or Xylazine with ketamine?

Answer 8

because ketamine can cause muscle rigidity or involuntary limb/head movements during surgery and those drugs will help improve muscle relaxation

Question 9

Which injectable anesthetic can be used as a CRI to provide good analgesia at sub-anesthetic doses

Answer 9

Ketamine

Question 10

Why is ketamine contraindicated in cats with urethral blockage?

Answer 10

because cat excrete the drug, unchanged, in their urine

Question 11

In which species can ketamine be used ALONE

Answer 11

cats & ruminants

Question 12

Rapid recovery with Ketamine depends on

Answer 12

redistribution to peripheral tissues (except in cats)

Question 13

Describe telazol’s effect on dogs and horses (which drug persists longer)

Answer 13

causes CNS excitement during recovery when used alone

because tiletamine lasts longer than zolazepam–giving with another sedative can improve recovery

Question 14

Describe telazol’s effect on cats, ruminants, and pigs (which drug persists longer)

Answer 14

excitement-free induction and recovery

Zolazepam persists longer than Tiletamine (smooth but prolonged recovery)

Question 15

What has been added to PropoFlo 28 and why?

Answer 15

20mg/ml Benzyl alcohol–prolongs shelf-life

*regular propofol only has 1mg/ml

Question 16

Which drugs decrease cerebral metabolism and would be safe for patient’s with head trauma or increased ICP? (3)

Answer 16

Propofol
Etomidate
Barbiturates

Question 17

1 important CV effect & 1 respiratory effect of propofol?

Answer 17

mild hypotension (vasodilation)

Transient apnea

Question 18

Best drug choice for outpatient procedures?

Answer 18

Propofol (no cumulative effects or residual ataxia)

Question 19

Which injectable anesthetic decreases cortisol secretion

Answer 19

Etomidate

Question 20

The effects of which drugs will be enhanced in hypoproteinemic patients?

Answer 20

Ketamine
Etomidate

These are highly protein bound

Question 21

Which drug is safest for patient’s with severe CV compromise?

Answer 21

Etomidate (causes the least CV depression)

Question 22

Guaifenesin is a _______ _______ _______ and therefore should not be used alone

Answer 22

central muscle relaxant (NOT general anesthetic)

Question 23

Name 4 drugs capable of producing central muscle relaxation (3 are pre-meds)

Answer 23

diazepam
midazolam
Guaifenesin
xylazine

Question 24

How do drugs produce central muscle relaxation (what is their site of action)

Answer 24

Depress internuncial neurons at the level of spinal cord

Question 25

Which barbiturate is primarily used for euthanasia?

Answer 25

Pentobarbital