Quiz 4--Injectable Anesthetics Flashcards
Name the 2 dissociative anesthetics
Ketamine
Telazol
How do dissociative anesthetics work (i.e. which area(s) do they depress and which to they excite)
depression of thalamocortical system
activation of limbic system
This drug is associate with tissue irritation if given IM due to it’s low pH (3.5)
Ketamine
Which reflexes remain present with ketamine?
Palpebral, corneal, and swallowing
Primary receptor responsible for ketamine analgesic effects?
NMDA receptor (antagonizes it)
*Also opiate and phencyclidine
Due to increasing cerebral metabolic O2 requirements, which drugs should NOT be used in head injury/high ICP patient’s?
(1 pre-anesthetic, 1 injectable)
Ketamine
Acepromazine
In which species can ketamine induce excitement? How can it be avoided?
Dogs & horses
give a preanesthetic tranquilizer or sedative prior to ketamine
Why would you use Diazepam or Xylazine with ketamine?
because ketamine can cause muscle rigidity or involuntary limb/head movements during surgery and those drugs will help improve muscle relaxation
Which injectable anesthetic can be used as a CRI to provide good analgesia at sub-anesthetic doses
Ketamine
Why is ketamine contraindicated in cats with urethral blockage?
because cat excrete the drug, unchanged, in their urine
In which species can ketamine be used ALONE
cats & ruminants
Rapid recovery with Ketamine depends on
redistribution to peripheral tissues (except in cats)
Describe telazol’s effect on dogs and horses (which drug persists longer)
causes CNS excitement during recovery when used alone
because tiletamine lasts longer than zolazepam–giving with another sedative can improve recovery
Describe telazol’s effect on cats, ruminants, and pigs (which drug persists longer)
excitement-free induction and recovery
Zolazepam persists longer than Tiletamine (smooth but prolonged recovery)
What has been added to PropoFlo 28 and why?
20mg/ml Benzyl alcohol–prolongs shelf-life
*regular propofol only has 1mg/ml
Which drugs decrease cerebral metabolism and would be safe for patient’s with head trauma or increased ICP? (3)
Propofol
Etomidate
Barbiturates
1 important CV effect & 1 respiratory effect of propofol?
mild hypotension (vasodilation)
Transient apnea
Best drug choice for outpatient procedures?
Propofol (no cumulative effects or residual ataxia)
Which injectable anesthetic decreases cortisol secretion
Etomidate
The effects of which drugs will be enhanced in hypoproteinemic patients?
Ketamine
Etomidate
These are highly protein bound
Which drug is safest for patient’s with severe CV compromise?
Etomidate (causes the least CV depression)
Guaifenesin is a _______ _______ _______ and therefore should not be used alone
central muscle relaxant (NOT general anesthetic)
Name 4 drugs capable of producing central muscle relaxation (3 are pre-meds)
diazepam
midazolam
Guaifenesin
xylazine
How do drugs produce central muscle relaxation (what is their site of action)
Depress internuncial neurons at the level of spinal cord
Which barbiturate is primarily used for euthanasia?
Pentobarbital
