Quiz 7 Flashcards
the definition of schemas?
Schemas are knowledge structures that provide top-down information for understanding complex situations.
In an experiment by Brewer & Treyens (1981), participants were asked to recall the items in a graduate student office. 30% said they recalled seeing books, even though none were present. This was taken as evidence that schemas may have _________. In this case, it was expecting to see books in a graduate student office.
default values
Anderson & Pichert (1978) had participants read a story from the perspective of a burglar or a home buyer. They remembered more details that were consistent with the original perspective. However, when participants changed perspective, they remembered additional details from the story consistent with the changed perspective.
This change and increase in memory demonstrates the _________________ nature of memory during recall. Top-down information helps cue and organize items in working memory.
reconstructive
We reviewed some possible explanations for the misinformation effect. When both the original memory and the misinformation are present in long-term memory and compete for retrieval, this is known as _______________.
Source confusion
During an exam, a TA believes she sees someone cheating. However, before she can get the professor’s attention, the student turns in the exam and leaves. Later, the professor provides a set of photographs to the TA to try to identify the cheater. The TA picks out a suspect who happens to be in her section. The actual cheater was not in the set of photographs.
This is most likely an instance of:
A source monitoring error
To specifically reduce post-identification feedback effects in suspect identification during lineups, which of the following is something police officers and investigators could attempt to implement?
Have the lineup administered by an officer who does not know the identity of the suspect.
Which of the following statements accurately reflect what we know of flashbulb memories?
Because they are emotional and unique, confidence in memory remains high over time.
They are similar to other episodic memories in that accuracy for detail will decline over time.
If you see a list of semantically related words, the relatedness can help you encode and later recall the words. However, you may also recall related words that were not present in the original list. These memories for words that were not originally present are labeled as _________________.
false memories
In lecture, we discussed the phenomenon of recovered memories. These are memories an adult recalls of a (previously forgotten) traumatic or emotional event from childhood. One objection to the validity of these memories is that the individual should not have forgotten the event due to their strong emotional nature. Based on our discussion in lecture, what are some responses to this objection?
At the time of the event, the child may have lacked the schemas or background information to make sense of what was happening. This would make the memory easier to repress.
The child may have been told the event never happened. This would be a kind of misinformation effect and would allow the substitution of a different version of events.
