Quiz 7 Flashcards
Part of the tooth below the gingival sulcus or periodontal pocket
- part of the root to which the periodontal ligaments are attached
Clinical root
Part of the tooth above the attached periodontal tissue; area of dental hygiene treatment
Clinical crown
Part of the tooth covered by enamel
Anatomic crown
Part of the tooth covered by cementum
Anatomic root
Covers the gingiva and hard palate (areas used during the mastication of food)
Masticatory mucosa
- firmly attached to alveolar bone (except for free gingiva)
- epithelial covering is generally keratinized (can withstand the abrasiveness of chewing)
Covers the inner surface of the lips and cheeks, maxillary and mandibular vestibules, alveolar ridges, floor of the mouth, soft palate
Lining mucosa
- non keratinized epithelium- tissue is more fragile, requires moist secretions to stay healthy
- loosely attached underlying connective tissue
Covers dorsum of tongue
* composed of many papillae, some of which contain taste buds
Specialized mucosa
The functional unit of tissues that surrounds and supports the tooth
The periodontium
* the periodontal ligament, cementum, and bone make up the attachment apparatus
Fibrous connective tissue that surrounds and attaches the roots of teeth in cementum and alveolar bone
Periodontal ligament
Around the cervical area within the gingival tissues
Gingival fiber groups
Surrounding the root
Principal fiber groups
Extend from the cementum in the cervical region into the free gingiva, give support to the gingiva **
Dentogingival (free gingival) fibers
Extend from the alveolar crest into the free and attached gingiva, provide support **
Alveologingival (attached gingival) fibers
Continuous around the neck of the tooth, help to maintain the tooth in position **
Circumferential (circular) fibers
Extend from the cervical cementum over the alveolar crest to blend with fibers I the periosteum of the bone
Dentoperiosteal (alveolar crest) fibers
Extend from the cervical area of one tooth across to an adjacent tooth (on the medial or distal only) provide resistance to separation of teeth **
Transseptal fibers
From the root apex to adjacent surrounding bone to resist vertical forces
Apical fibers
From the root above the apical fibers obliquely toward the occlusal to resist vertical and unexpected strong forces
Oblique fibers
From the cementum in the middle of each root to adjacent alveolar bone to resist tipping of the tooth
Horizontal fibers
From the alveolar crest to the cementum just below the cementoenamel junction to resist intrusive forces
Alveolar crest fibers
From cementum between the roots of multi rooted teeth to the adjacent bone to resist vertical and lateral forces
Interradicular fibers
Thin later of calcified connective tissue which covers the tooth from the CEJ to and around the apical foramen
Cementum
Functions of cementum
- seals the tubules of the root dentin
- provides attachment for the periodontal fiber groups
Characteristics of cementum
- thickness is 50-200 um about the apex; 30-60 um about the cervical area
- cementum is insensitive because vascular and nerve connections are missing
- relationship of enamel and cementum
**10% do not meet area of exposed dentin, in 30% they meet edge to edge, and 60% the cementum overlaps the enamel
Supports the teeth/ provides attachment for periodontal ligament fibers
Alveolar bone
Part of the Masticatory mucosa that surrounds the neck of the teeth and is attached to the teeth and alveolar bone, composed of free gingiva, attached gingiva and interdental gingiva or interdental papilla
Gingiva
Gingival margin to the free gingival groove, coronal to attached gingiva
Free gingiva
Depression that demarcates the end of the free gingiva, May or may not be present
Free gingival groove
Most coronal portion of the free gingiva, edge of the gingiva nearest the incisal or occlusal surface, marks the opening of the gingival sulcus
Gingival margin
Gingival sulcus
- internal aspect of the free gingiva
- creates shallow groove hat separates the free gingiva from the surface of the tooth
- healthy sulci are shallow and maybe be only 0.5 mm**
- average depth= 1.8 mm
Forms the floor of the gingival sulcus
Junctional epithelium
- wedge shaped &a continuous with the sulcular epithelium
- completely encircles the tooth
- has 2 basement membranes: one adjacent to the connective tissue and one adjacent to the tooth surface
Position of the junctional epithelium
- As tooth erupts, attachment is on enamel
- During eruption- migrates toward the CEJ
- full eruption- eruption is on the cementum where it becomes firmly attached
Occupies the interproximal area between 2 adjacent tooth; also called EMBRASURE
Interdental gingiva (papilla)
Depression between the lingual or palatal and the facial papillae
- under the contact area; depends when gingiva enlargement occurs
Col
Free gingiva to the MGJ
Attached gingiva
*firmly bound to the underlying cementum and alveolar bone
Line that marks the connection between attached gingiva an alveolar mucosa
Mucogingival junction
- no alveolar mucosa is present on the palate
- palatal tissue is firmly attached to the bone of the roof of the mouth
Moveable tissue loosely attached to the underlying bone
- smooth shiny surface with nonkeratinized, thin epithelium, extends from the MGJ into the mucolabial and mucobuccal fold
Alveolar mucosa
Filled with crystals of various calcium phosphate (mineralized dental biofilm)
Calculus
