Quiz 4 Flashcards
Assessment, diagnosis & treatment planning
- goals and priorities for treatment planning
- consultations and referrals
- planning preventative programs to meet patients needs
Objectives of clinical examination of the head and neck
1) assessment, diagnosis & treatment planning
2) early detection of head and neck disease improved prognosis for recovery
3) detection of systemic disease exhibiting oral manifestations
4) establishes contraindications to dental tx
5) baseline data of patients health status aids evaluation of treatment plan and preventative program
6) accurate description of patient health status for legal records
Early detection of head and neck diseases improve prognosis for recovery
Oral cancer/ skin cancer
Detection of systemic disease exhibiting oral manifestations
Aids, leukemia, diabetes
Establishes contraindications to dental treatment
Steep throat, herpes, malignant lesions
Four components of the clinical head and neck exam
- general appraisal
- vital signs
- extra oral exam
- intra oral exam
Four methods of examination
- inspection
- palpation
- auscultation
- percussion
Inspection
Visual assessment of body tissues, structures and systems
* identify normal/abnormal appearance and function
Palpation
Use of fingers and hands to examine soft and hard tissue
Auscultation
Listening for sounds in the body/ tissues (ex. Breathing, vibrations, clicking)
Percussion
Striking tissues to hear resulting sounds and evaluate patients response
Dilation
Heart failure, shock, emergencies
Construction
Occurs in use of drugs: herion, morphine, barbiturates
Digital palpation
One finger or more fingers
Bidigital palpation
One or more fingers and the thumb
Manual palpation
All fingers on one hand
Bimanual palpation
Both hands
Bilateral palpation
Both sides simultaneously, detect difference in symmetry
Petechiae
Red/purple discoloration <0.5
Purpura
Red/purple discoloration >0.5
Ecchymoses
Red/purple discoloration of variable sizes
Macule
Flat, non palpable circumscribe lesion <1 cm (freckles, flat moles)
Patch
Flat, non palpable, irregularly shaped lesion < 1 cm
Papule
Elevated, palpable, firm circumscribed lesion < 1 cm (warts)
Plaque
Elevated, flat- topped firm, tough, superficial lesion >1 cm
Nodule
Elevated, firm, circumscribed, palpable lesion >1-2 cm
Tumor
Elevated, solid >2cm
Elevated, circumscribed, superficial, lesion filled with clear fluid <1 cm (blister)
Vesicle
Bulla
Vesicles > 1cm
Pustule
Similar to vesicle but filled with pus (acne)
Elevated, circumscribed, palpable, lesion encapsulated and filled it’s fluid or semisolid material
Cyst
Fissure
Linear crack or break (angular cheilosis)
Depressed, glistening lesion that follows rupture of vesticle or bulla (larger than fissure)
Erosion
A break in the epithelium (skin or mucosa) exposing connective tissue, has a reddened border with white, gray, yellow or hemorrhagic center
Ulcer
Increased number of cells resulting of overgrowth of tissue
Hyperplasia
Abnormal thickening of the epithelium… May appear as white, yellow or brown. (Cheek biting)
Keratosis
Blending it occurring together, originally separate but subsequently combined
Confluent
Rippled surface
Corrugated
Hard, scab like surface
Crusted
Separate, not blending or occurring together
Discrete
Hardened area of tissue
Indurated
Pedunculated
Elevated papillary type lesion attached to underlying tissue by a stem or narrow connector
Nipple like growths
Papillomatous
Attachment of a lesion by a broad base
Sessile
Wart like surface
Verrucose
Abnormally dilated vein (dark blue or purple color)
Varicose
Record location of findings
Diagram, describe area, state landmarks, Ect
History of the significant finding
When, how long has it been present, recent changes, Ect
Morphology of the significant findings
Physical characteristics
- size
- shape
- number
- area
- lesions
- moveable/ fixed
Elevated lesions
Blisterform, nonblisterform
Blisterform
Contains fluid
Usually soft and translucent
May be vesicles, pustules or bullae
Nonblisterform
Solid lesions
Do not contain fluid
Examples- papules, nodules, tumors, or plaques
Red area of a variable size and shape
Erythema
Growing outward
Exophytic
Loose membranous layer of exudate
Pseudo membrane
Marked with points or dots
Punctate
Excisional biopsy
Entire lesion is removed
Incisional biopsy
Representative section from a lesion is taken
A white patch or plaque that cannot be scrapped off or characterized as any other disease
Leukoplakia
Designate lesions of the oral mucosa that appear as bright red patches or plaques that cannot be characterized as any specific disease
Erythroplakia
