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Marine Ecology > Quiz 7 > Flashcards

Quiz 7 Flashcards

1
Q

Deeper, low light coral reefs that typically occur at depths of 30-40 m, but up to 150 m.

A

Mesophotic coral ecosystem

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2
Q

These are fully intertidal, often in full strength seawater and subject to high wave action.

A

Tide-dominated (fringing) mangroves

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3
Q

The removal of carbonate by grazers and bores.

A

Bioerosion

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4
Q

A species, such as corals, that build the foundation on which the rest of the ecosystem depends.

A

Foundation species

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5
Q

Woody trees or shrubs that flourish at the sea/land interface in sheltered tropical coastal and estuarine regions where fine sediment collects.

A

Mangroves

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6
Q

Remote islands and atolls can have ~85% greater phytoplankton biomass as compared to average oceanic conditions

A

Island mass effect

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7
Q

Non-reef building corals; found worldwide.

A

Ahermatypic

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8
Q

Two main factors that limit plant distribution

A

Increase salt level
Waterlogged sediment

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9
Q

Mangroves that grow along coastal fringes in the northern and southern limits of the mangrove distribution, as well as in areas where soil cannot provide sufficient nutrients

A

Scrub mangroves

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10
Q

A generalized response of corals to stress; zooxanthellae are ejected from the corals and the skeleton, which is typically white, becomes visible.

A

Coral bleaching

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11
Q

Organisms growing on the surface of plants, but not deriving nutrients from them.

A

Epiphytes

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12
Q

A ring of reef with low-lying islands surrounding a central lagoon.

A

Atoll

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13
Q

This allows species with overlapping niches to coexist

A

Niche differentiation

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14
Q

Animals that create limestone formations that may be thousands of kilometers long and hundreds of meters deep.

A

Living corals

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15
Q

A mangrove forest.

A

Mangal

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16
Q

Small reefs that grow on shallow lagoonal areas and are often surrounded by sand.

A

Patch reefs

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17
Q

An organism that directly or indirectly modulates the availability of resources to other species; it is able to modify, maintain, and create habitats.

A

Ecosystem engineer

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18
Q

Three key attributes of seagrasses

A

Leaves with sheaves adapted to high-energy environments.
Hydrophilous pollination.
Extensive lacunar system enabling oxygen transport.

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19
Q

Organisms that feed on living coral and at high abundance they can kill large areas of reef.

A

Crown-of-thorns starfish COTS

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20
Q

A method to assess relative predation levels in seagrass beds.

A

Tethering

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21
Q

Organisms that constantly nibble away at the turf algae on reefs.

A

Grazers

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22
Q

Reef-building corals, largely confined to the tropics.

A

Hermatypic

23
Q

Fish that are found only in certain habitats, such as seagrass beds.

A

Obligate inhabitants

24
Q

Organisms capable of feeding on the large mature fleshy macroalgae

A

Browsers

25
Q

A true plant that has fully adapted to live in water.

A

Hydrophyte

26
Q

Having separate male and female plants.

A

Dioecious

27
Q

The population sizes of reef fish species are often determined and limited by the rate at which larval fish are recruited from the plankton to adult populations.

A

Recruitment limitation hypothesis

28
Q

Aerial roots that rise from the underground roots and extend above the sediment and water surfaces.

A

Pneumatophores

29
Q

The time between the development of two seagrass units.

A

Plastochrone interval

30
Q

A useful grouping of organisms that has more than one evolutionary root form.

A

Polyphyletic

31
Q

Two of the most important roles that mangrove forests play.

A

Nutrient input/energy flux
Nursery for fish species

32
Q

Fish that use a habitat, such as seagrass beds, out of choice at certain times of the day.

A

Facultative inhabitants

33
Q

The formation of a barrier to genetic exchange that causes separation of related taxa (e.g. continental drift, glaciation).

A

Vicariance event

34
Q

Mangroves that grow in small islands washed over by tides.

A

Overwash mangroves

35
Q

Similar to basin mangroves but more elevated and more stressed.

A

Hammock mangroves

36
Q

Reefs that develop on the shelving shores of most rocky tropical islands.

A

Fringing reefs

37
Q

Involving a random or chance variable

A

Stochastic

38
Q

Limiting factors of coral reefs

A

Temperature
Light
Turbidity
Flow
Salinity
pH

39
Q

Order of mangroves from water to inland

A

Red mangrove
Black mangrove
White mangrove

40
Q

Relating to the development of an organism

A

Ontogenetic

41
Q

Net production over a 24 hour period.

A

Excess production

42
Q

The only truly marine angiosperms, generally growing in soft sediments in shallow coastal waters.

A

Seagrasses

43
Q

Special pore that enable air to be taken in through root section that exit the sediment.

A

Lenticels

44
Q

Mangroves that can be found elsewhere, such as in the rainforest.

A

Mangrove associates

45
Q

Organisms that scrape the turf algae away to bare limestone and remove some of the calcium carbonate below.

A

Scrapers/excavators

46
Q

The seeds of a plant germinate on the plant instead of falling.

A

Vivipary

47
Q

Organisms that are fixed in place so they cannot move, such as barnacles and sea squirts.

A

Sessile

48
Q

These occur to the landward-side of fringing mangroves, where there are lower tidal currents and wave action, but where salinity can be highly variable due to evaporation and rainfall.

A

Basin mangroves

49
Q

These form where there is low tidal range and a dominance of freshwater flow, such as deltas of major rivers.

A

Riverine mangroves

50
Q

Where most reefs are found.

A

Within 30 degrees north and south of the equator.

51
Q

Dinoflagellate symbiotic algae.

A

Zooxanthellae

52
Q

Deposited by living organisms.

A

Biogenic

53
Q

Mangroves that only occur at the sea/land interface.

A

True mangroves

54
Q

Reefs that surround many tropical islands and usually are separated from the land by lagoons with patch and fringing reefs.

A

Barrier reefs

Marine Ecology (4 decks)

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