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Marine Ecology > Quiz 2 > Flashcards

Quiz 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Microalgae that generates most of the primary production in the oceans

A

Phytoplankton

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2
Q

A prokaryotic photosynthetic organism shown to be an important component of phytoplankton.

A

Cyanobacteria

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3
Q

Organisms that use light for their energy source and carbon dioxide (or one of its various forms in the water) to produce new organic matter.

A

Photoautotrophs

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4
Q

The part of the photosynthetic reaction that converts light into metabolic energy and reducing power.

A

Light reaction

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5
Q

The part of the photosynthetic equation that converts (fixes) carbon dioxide and forms inorganic material.

A

Dark reaction

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6
Q

The mechanism that fixes carbon dioxide.

A

Calvin cycle

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7
Q

The enzyme used to catalyze the reduction of CO2.

A

RUBISCO

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8
Q

Maintains the required high levels of CO2 within the cells.

A

Carbon-concentrating mechanism (CCM)

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9
Q

A group of microalgae that is a major contributor to the phytoplankton of marine and freshwater and have frustules (cases).

A

Diatoms

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10
Q

This enzyme converts bicarbonate ions to CO2 within and outside of some cells.

A

Carbonic anhydrase

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11
Q

These organisms produce oxygen as an end product.

A

Oxygenic photoautotrophs

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12
Q

The reverse of photosynthesis; organic matter and oxygen are converted to carbon dioxide and water, generating energy for metabolic use.

A

Respiration

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13
Q

The major chlorophyl of algae, it is green because it absorbs blue and red wavelengths and reflects green wavelengths.

A

Chlorophyll-a

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14
Q

Carotenoids such as beta-carotin and fucoxanthin (absorb green); phycocyanins (absorb green-yellow); and allophycocyanins (absorb orange-red).

A

Accessory pigments

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15
Q

The wavelengths of light that range from 400 to 700 nm; photosynthetic organisms adjust their light-harvesting pigments to absorb various components of this spectrum of light.

A

Photosynthetically active radiation (PAR)

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16
Q

Organisms that use both phototrophic and heterotrophic means for assimilating energy

A

Mixotrophs

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17
Q

Phytoplankton species that have been shown to be able to ingest particulate organic material to meet part of their nutritional requirements.

A

Phagotrophs

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18
Q

The area below 1000 m in water depth where no light penetrates

A

Aphotic zone

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19
Q

The are where of water that light penetrates; rarely extends below 200 m (in coastal waters rarely 50 m).

A

Photic/euphotic zone

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20
Q

The exponential loss of light as it passes through water

A

Attenuation

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21
Q

Describes the relationship between photosynthesis and irradiance

A

P/E curve

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22
Q

The level of irradiance at which the photosynthetic rate is equal to the respiration rate.

A

Compensation irradiance

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23
Q

The point at which the rate of photosynthesis is light saturated.

A

Saturation irradiance

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24
Q

A decrease in photosynthetic rates in some species due to high rates of irradiance; results from damage to components of the photosystems.

A

Photoinhibition

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25
Q

Total photosynthesis

A

Gross photosynthesis

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26
Q

The gross photosynthesis minus respiration

A

Net photosynthesis

27
Q

The ability of most photosynthetic organisms to acclimate to a given light regime by altering the concentration of chlorophyll and/or accessory pigments per cell or unit cell area.

A

Photoacclimation

28
Q

A process by which chloroplasts move in reaction to changes in light conditions

A

Karyostrophy

29
Q

The depth in a water column at which net photosynthesis is 0 (the bottom of the euphotic zone).

A

Compensation depth

30
Q

The water depth where the integrated daily photosynthetic carbon assimilation is balance by the integrated daily respiratory carbon losses.

A

Critical depth

31
Q

The principal additional macromolecule requirements for aquatic plants - nitrogen and phosphorus.

A

Inorganic nutrients

32
Q

Waters that have low concentrations of essential nutrients for algal growth/low primary production

A

Oligotrophic

33
Q

Waters that have high concentrations of nutrients/high primary production.

A

Eutrophic

34
Q

Waters that sustain intermediate levels of primary production

A

Mesotrophic

35
Q

An increase in the rate of supply of inorganic matter to an ecosystem.

A

Eutrophication

36
Q

Surrounds each cell or surface in water; water movement and molecule diffusion are restricted.

A

Diffusive boundary layer (DBL)

37
Q

Found in the subarctic Pacific, the Southern Ocean, and the equatorial Pacific.

A

High-nutrient, low-chlorophyll waters (HNLC).

38
Q

The ratio of carbon : nitrogen : phosphorus in healthy, actively growing algal cells.

A

Redfield ratio (106 : 16 : 1)

39
Q

The moles of O2 evolved per moles of CO2 assimilated.

A

Photosynthetic quotient (PQ)

40
Q

Primary production based on nitrate

A

New production

41
Q

Primary production based on non-nitrate nitrogen sources.

A

Recycled production

42
Q

The ratio of new production to total production.

A

F-ration

43
Q

Photosynthesis or chemosynthesis

A

Material and energy gains

44
Q

Skeleton formation, production of energy storage compounds, and formation of reproductive material.

A

Material investments

45
Q

Movement, buoyancy, excretion, osmoregulation, nutrient uptake, and respiration

A

Energy and material losses

46
Q

Four major factors that govern primary production in marine systems

A

Light, nutrients, stability, mixing

47
Q

Regions of low primary productivity due to nutrient replenishment not taking place.

A

Anticyclonic gyres

48
Q

Regions that sustain higher rates of primary productivity, due to mixing nutrient rich water into surface water.

A

Cyclonic gyres

49
Q

Found from the surface to 150 m

A

Epipelagic zone

50
Q

Found from 150m to 1000m

A

Mesopelagic

51
Q

Found from 1000 to 4000m

A

Bathypelagic zone

52
Q

Found from 4000 to 6000m

A

Abyssopelagic zone

53
Q

Found from 6000 to 10000m

A

Hadal zone

54
Q

The overall gains and losses to the ocean (inputs through rivers, outputs through marine sediment)

A

Mass balance

55
Q

A gas-filled bladder that ensures that blades of seaweeds are floating as high in the water as possible.

A

Pneumatocyst

56
Q

Profiling devices that can measure “real time” primary production as they are lowered through the water.

A

Fast Repetition Rate Fluorometers (FRRF)

57
Q

The rate of carbon fixation as the result of photosynthesis; measures in grams of carbon per meter squared per day.

A

Primary production

58
Q

Have cellulose plates and two flagella and are the main organism creating harmful algal blooms in coastal waters.

A

Dinoflagellates

59
Q

Enclosed in intricate calcium plates

A

Coccolithophores

60
Q

Less common in the open ocean and occurs mostly in freshwater.

A

Green algae

61
Q

The depth at which surface water is extended down into the water column by wind and mixes layers

A

Mixed layer depth

62
Q

Gross primary product minus the respiration by ALL organisms in the ecosystem.

A

Net ecosystem production (NEP)

63
Q

The growth of populations of phytoplankton levels off; photosynthesis continues but there is no net gain of cells.

A

Stationary period.

64
Q

A sharp increase in phytoplankton chlorophyll where there is adequate light for photosynthesis and yet significant nutrient supply from below.

A

Deep chlorophyll maximum (DCM)

Marine Ecology (4 decks)

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