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THY 415 ExRx Musculoskeletal Disorder > Quiz 6: Osteoporosis & Arthritis > Flashcards

Quiz 6: Osteoporosis & Arthritis Flashcards

1
Q

What is osteoporosis?

A

loss of bone mass due to calcium and bone protein depletion
- results in skeletal structural weakness

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2
Q

What is osteopenia?

A

thinning with bone mass reduction, due to reduced calcium and bone protein
- occurs when new bone formation cannot offset bone mass

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3
Q

Which is less severe? Osteoporosis or osteopenia?

A

osteopenia

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4
Q

The degree of _____ _________ ______ is the diagnostic difference between osteoporosis and osteopenia

A

bone mineral density

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5
Q

What is bone mineral density BMD?

A

a measure of bone density represented by calcium content

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6
Q

Over __% of women and __% of men over the age of 50 are at risk of bone fracture

A

50% W and 20% M

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7
Q

What types of exercises are good to offset osteo?

A

weight bearing resistance

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8
Q

What are the key risk factors for osteoporosis?

A
  • post menopause
  • low estrogen
  • low testosterone
  • deficient calcium intake
  • nutrient mal absorption
  • excessive alch
  • smoking ciggies
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9
Q

Where do majority of hip fractures result from?

A

osteoporosis

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10
Q

Where are the most frequen osteoporotic fracture sites?

A
  • prox femur
  • vertebrae
  • wrist (distal end)
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11
Q

What is hip fracture repair and what else is it known as?

A

ORIF
- involves pinning screws nails or plates at the fracture site

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12
Q

_____ is indicated once the fracture site is properly aligned

A

pinning

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13
Q

What is the other option as opposed to ORIF?

A

THA

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14
Q

What are some horomones that influence bone density?

A
  • estrogen
  • progesterone
  • test
  • growth hormone
  • insunlin-like growth factor (IGF-1)
  • corticosteroids
  • thyroid hormone
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15
Q

What is the parathyroid hormone? (PTH)

A

a hormone produced by the parathyroid glands and regulates the body’s level of calcium and phosphorus
- PTH combines with calcitonin to produce vitamin D

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16
Q

True or False:
When blood plasma has a low calcium level, hypocalcemia), the parathyroid gland releases PTH causing calcium levels to rise and restore serum calcium concentration to normal

A

True

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17
Q

______ _______ increases bone resorption, decreases the amount of calcium your bones absorb, and interferes with vitamin D reglation

A

cig smoking

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18
Q

What increases urinary excretion of calcium, but any detreminal effect can be offset by calcium intake

A

caffine

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19
Q

Do light or darker soda beverages contain higher phosphorus levels?

A

dark

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20
Q

What is the gold standard for measuring bone density?

A

dexa
- QUS and QCT also good too

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21
Q

What are the advantages of DEXA?

A
  • low radiation exposure
  • high accuracy
  • can measure small changes in bmd over time
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22
Q

True or False:
QUS and QCT measure less acurately and have higher radiation lvls?

A

true

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23
Q

To enhance bone density, maintain…

A
  • calcium intake at 1000-1200mg per day
  • vitamin D intake at 200-600 IU per day
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24
Q

Other than regular weight bearing exercise, what else has shown to have a positive impact on bone density

A

high impact resistance exercise
-aquatic is minimal impact

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25
Q

When is the skeleton most responsive to bone-loading?

A

during preadolescence

26
Q

When designing a client’s program, what all should you assess ab the client?

A
  • current fitness status
  • joint concerns
  • med use
  • functional ability
27
Q

When working with a client, what all should you focus on

A

weight training with progressive resistance
stair climbing
running and jumping activities

28
Q

Which is better for osteoporosis? OCK or CKC

A

CKC

29
Q

True or False:
Plyometrics are effective but should be used with caution for older adults

A

True

30
Q

What are plyometrics?

A

specialized exercises that are associated with high-impact loads specifically designed to increase muscular strength and power
- assure strength and balance are adequate before attempting this

31
Q

What is arthritis?

A

deterioration resulting in inflammation, swelling, stiffness, and structural changes to a joint
- can result from disease, injury, or infection

32
Q

What are the two types of arthitis?

A

OA = muskuloskeletal
RA = autoimmune

33
Q

What are the joint structure components and what are they?

A

joint capsule - encloses joint to keep fluid
synovial membrane - lining of the joint capsule
synovial fluid - flows within the membrane and provides lubrication essential to healthy joint function

34
Q

Arthritis breaks down the _______ ______ (articular cartilage) that covers the articulating bone surfaces within a joint

A

hyaline cartilage

35
Q

What is hyaline cartilage?

A

a dense, elastic, fibrous conn tissue that has no blood supply and thus cannot heal

36
Q

What is OA?

A

a chronic degenerative form of arthritis that primarily affects articular cartilage
- results in bone remodeling and overgrowth (lipping and spurs) at the joint margins

37
Q

What is bone lipping?

A

the formation of lip like structures at the articular end of a bone

38
Q

What is a bone spur?

A

(osteophyte)
- a tiny projected outgrowth of bone that develop in areas of inflammation and injury

39
Q

What is ankylose?

A

to unite or fuse together (bamboo)

40
Q

What does OA result from?

A

wear and tear
- modifed activity can slow the progression

41
Q

What joint do OA primarily affect?

A

knee, hip, and fingers

42
Q

What do symptoms of OA include?

A
  • pain and stiffness
  • progressive loss of flexibility and development of bone spurs
  • gradual reduced tolerance to pain associated with joint degeneration
  • thinning of articular cartilage that transmits force to bone
  • eventual bone on bone contact resulting in constant pain
43
Q

True or False:
Symptoms of OA may not appear until significant degenerative changes have occurred, and at this stage surgery is the only viable treatment

A

True

44
Q

OA is ______ and RA is ________ (sides of how it affects the body)

A

OA = unilateral or bilateral
RA = bilateral

45
Q

What factors lead to accelerated deterioration?

A
  • obesity
  • poor nutrition
  • lack of joint movement
  • excessive repetitive joint movement
  • surgical intervention
46
Q

What are the risk factors for developing OA

A
  • aging
  • overweight or obesity
  • previous joint surgery
  • altered gait pattern often linked to prev injury
47
Q

OA can lead to ___, ________, and ____

A

CAD, diabetes, and HTN

48
Q

True or False:
Exercise will not cure OA but low impact, moderate resistance exercise can reduce the pain and rate of decline in functional capacity

A

True

49
Q

What is RA?

A

an autoimmune disorder that results in inflammation and thickening of the joint capsule

50
Q

What is autoimmune disorder?

A

a failure of the body’s immune system causing it to attack itself

51
Q

True or False:
RA is systemic

A

True

52
Q

RA results in. ____ _______ and joint deformity

A

bone erosion

53
Q

Inflammatory damage from RA occurs in the _______ _______

A

tendon sheath (tenosynovitis)

54
Q

Where is tenosynovitis most common?

A

hands, wrists, feet, ankles
- long tendons = increase chance to occur

55
Q

What is DeQuervain tenosynovitis?

A
  • pain around base of thumb
  • caused by overuse
  • Finkelstein test (paper pinch index and thumb, pos if pain)
56
Q

What is Trigger finger?

A
  • finger gets stuck in bent position
  • ring and index commonly
  • tendon cannot glide smoothly
57
Q

Where is the intial onset of RA?

A

joints of hands and feet, specifically the PIP joints

58
Q

For RA, what should you do for periods of remission?

A
  • encourage active movement through ROM, but avoid stretching activity
  • apply moderate resistance exercise during, but avoid over exertion
59
Q

True or False:
Functional loss from RA is irreversible, so when exercise
tolerated can minimize functional loss

A

True

60
Q

Common things to know about OA

A
  • degenerative joint disorder
  • most common
  • larger joint
  • pain/stiff/weak
  • crepitus
  • stiffness under 30 min
  • unilateral
61
Q

Common things to know about RA

A
  • autoimmne disorder
  • smaller joints
  • prolonged stiffness over 1 hr
  • pain/inflamation
  • fever/loss appetite
  • visible deformity
  • bilateral

THY 415 ExRx Musculoskeletal Disorder (7 decks)

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