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My Respiratory Physiology > Quiz 6 > Flashcards

Quiz 6 Flashcards

1
Q

Motor signal from DRG to diaphram what type of signal?

A

Ramp type signal lasting 2 seconds

(Gives time to move air)

(then excitatory signal stops for next 3 seconds to allow relaxation of the diaphragm - expiration)

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2
Q

How VRG differs from DRG (4)

A
  • Inactive during normal respiration
  • No rhythmic oscillation help (Respiration)
  • Contributes to increase pulm ventilation
  • Stimulates abdominal muscles for forced expiration
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3
Q

What reflex inhibits over inflation of the lung? How transmitted? what does it also do?

A

Hering-Breuer Reflex

from stretch receptors in bronchioles/bronchi to DRG via Vagus nerve (X)

increases RR

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4
Q

what acts directly on the respiratory center to increase strength of both inspiratory and expiratory motor signals?

A

Excess CO2 or H+ ions

oxygen does not have a direct effect but acts on peripheral chemoreceptors

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5
Q

Why are CO2 levels in brain and blood equal?

A

CO2 is highly permeable to Blood-brain barrier

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6
Q

What equation to disassociate CO2 to get into brain? What stimulates Respiratory center activity?

A
  • CO2 and H2O form Carbonic acid (H2CO3), which disassociates into H+ and HCO3 (bicarbonate)
  • The release of H+ in brain
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7
Q

How do changes in CO2 blood levels affect respiration drive over time?

By how much?

A

Acute - potent affect
Chronic (after a few days) - weak effect

about 1/5th initial response

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8
Q

When are blood oxygen PO2 levels sensed by chemoreceptors?

A

< 70mmHg

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9
Q

where are chemoreceptors?

A

Carotid and Aortic bodies (they act on DRG)

high flow arterial blood supply areas

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10
Q

Carotid bodies what nerve?

A

CN IX (Glossopharyngeal)

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11
Q

Aortic bodies what nerve?

A

CN X (Vagus)

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12
Q

What increases alveolar ventilation drive?

A
  • Increased PCO2
  • Increased O2
  • Acidosis
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13
Q

What causes a quicker reaction of increasing alveolar ventilation?

A
  • Decreased PH

- Decreased PCO2

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14
Q

what does increased metabolism do to alveolar ventilation during exercise?

A

Increases linearly with alveolar ventilation

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15
Q

what causes increase in ventilation during exercise? (4)

A
  • Brain transmits to brainstem/VRG while transmitting motor impulses to contracting muscles
  • joint and muscle proprioceptors transmit signal
  • Hypoxia in muscles
  • PCO2 and O2 changes
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16
Q

at the start of exercise PCO2 and alveolar ventilation do what?

A

PCO2 and A.V. drop then slowly increase with exercise

17
Q

at the end of exercise PCO2 and alveolar ventilation do what?

A

PCO2 increases and A.V. drops

18
Q

treatment of brain edema?

A

Hyperventilation and Hypertonic diuresis

19
Q

2 conditions that allow Cheynes-Stokes breathing to occur?

A
  • Long delay in transport of blood from lungs to brain (low CO)
  • Increased negative feedback gain (brain damage) due to hypoxia or severe metabolic abnormality
20
Q

physiologies of Cheynes-Stoke Breathing (2)

A
  • Large amounts of dissolved and bound CO2 & O2 in blood and tissue
  • Lungs cannot build-up enough CO2 or deplete O2 supply normally
21
Q

What plays most fundamental role in control of breathing?

A

DRG

22
Q

DRG receives signals from what three sources

A
  • Peripheral Chemoreceptors
  • Baroreceptors
  • Lung receptors
23
Q

What Controls the ‘switch-off’ point of the inspiratory point & shortens entire respiratory cycle?

A

Pneumotaxic center

24
Q

Weak vs strong Pneumotaxic center?

A

Strong - shorter inspiratory phase (0.5 sec) and higher RR (30-40)

Weak - longer Inspiratory phase (5 sec) and lower RR (3-5)

25
Q

DRG controls?

A

Inspiration and Rhythm

26
Q

VRG controls?

A

expiration and inspiration, exercise

27
Q

Signals the DRG to prevent or retard the ‘switch-off’ of inspiratory ramp stimuli

A

Apneustic center

28
Q

controls the intensity of inspiration (2)

A

Pneumotaxis and Apneustic centers

My Respiratory Physiology (12 decks)

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