quiz 6

Question 1

Tularemia (rabbit)

Answer 1

cause is Francisella tularensis

Question 2

Lyme disease (deer tick) - Borrelia Burgdorferi

Answer 2

most common vector borne disease in US.
Cause is Brucellosis
symptoms include fever rising/falling in wave

treated with tetracycline or amoxicillin

Question 3

Brucellosis (malt fever)

Answer 3

transmitted through drinking unpasteurized milk of sheep, goats, cows or thru the broken skin from animal

symptoms include fever rising/falling in wave

Question 4

Francisella tularensis and Tularemia

Answer 4

Causes tularemia, a zoonotic disease of mammals endemic to the northern hemisphere, particularly rabbits

transmitted by contact with infected animals, water, dust or bites

headache , backache

• gentamicin or tetracycline
  attenuated vaccine

Question 5

Brucelle and Brucellosis

Answer 5

Tiny Gram - negative coccobacillus

2 species:
- Brucella abortus (cattle)
- Brucella suis

transmitted to humans from infected animals

fluctuating pattern of fever

combination of tetracycline and rifampin or streptomycin

animcal vaccine available

Question 6

Nonentric Yersinia Pestis, and Plague

Answer 6

• nonenteric
• tiny, gram negative rod, bipolar staining and capsules
• virulence factors - capsular and envelope proteins protect against phagocystosis and foster intracellular growth
• murine toxin, coagulase, endotoxin

Question 7

Types of plague

Answer 7

• bubonic: bacillus multiplies in flea bite, enters lymph, causes necrosis and swelling of the lymp nodes called a bubo in groin or axilla
• septicemic: progression to massive bacterial growth; virulence factors cause intravascular coagulation - black plague
• pneumonic : infection localized to lungs, highly contagious; this is the most dangerous because airborne human to human. treatment is antibiotics

Question 8

treatment and prevention of plague

Answer 8

-streptomycin, tetracycline or chloramphenicol

killed vaccine available

prevention: quarantine and control of rodent population in human habitats

Question 9

GI disease

Answer 9

microbial cuases of disease
- ecoli klebisella enterobacter, serratia, and proteus

ture pathgenic: salmonella typhi, shingelle dysenteriea

they cause salonelloses and shingellosis

Question 10

typhoid fever

Answer 10

S. typhi enters with ingestion of fecally contaminated food or water.
Asymptopmatic carriersL some chronic carriers hsed bacilli from gallbladder

bacilli adhere to small intestine, cause invasive diarrhea that leads to septicemia

2 vaccines for temporary protection

treat chronic infections with chloramphenicol or sulfatrimethoprim

Question 11

shingella

Answer 11

shigellosis
S. dysenteriase, s.sonnei, S.flexneri

shingella invades villus of large intestine, does not invate bllod.

It causes an inflammatory reponse bcausing bleeding and heavy mucus secretion

treatment: fluid replacement and ciproflaxacin and sulfatrimethoprim

Question 12

Vibrio Chloera

Answer 12

Comma shaped, posses unique O and H Ags

El Tor Biotype: survives longer, more infectious

Infectious dose : 10 ^8

infects mucous barrier of small intestine, noninvasive

Cholera Toxin : causes electrolyte and water loss through secretory diarrhea , resulting dehydration leads to muscle, circulatory

treatment: oral rehydration, tetracyclin

vaccine avialable.

Question 13

Campylobacter Jejuni Enteririts

Answer 13

Campylobacters: slender, curved or spiral bacillie - S shaped

Important cause of bacterial gastroenteritis

transmitted by beverages and food

Reach mucosa at the lst segment of small intestine near colon

treatment with rehydration and electrolyte balance therapy.

Question 14

Helicobacter pylori : gastric pathogen

Answer 14

curved cells discovered in 1979 in stomach biopsied specimens

cuases 90% of stomach and duodenal ulcers

people with type O blood have 1.5 - 2x higher rate of ulcers

produces ureas which converts urea into ammonium

Question 15

Urinary tract infections

Answer 15

most common of all infections : uti ;s causes urthritis, leading to cystitis

80% UTI is cuased by E.coli; other enteric bacteria from feces like proteus mirabilis and klebsiella

treated with amoxicillin, trimethoprim, quinalones

Question 16

Gonorrhoea

Answer 16

causeative agent Neisseria gonorrhoea, sexually transmitted

Gram negative, diplococci, resembles a pair of coffee beans

have pili which enable them to attach to epithelial cells and prevent them fro being swept away by urine

treated with sulfonamides

Question 17

Syphilis

Answer 17

caused by a spirochete - Treponema pallidum

generally transmitted sexually but can be transmitted by saliva

looks like a worm

Treated with penicillin G

Question 18

Three stages of Syphillis

Answer 18

Treated with Penicillin G

• primary syphilis: appearance of hard chancre at site of inoculation
• secondary syphilis: fever, headache, sore throat
• tertiary syphilis : about 30 % of infections enter in tertiary stage; numerous pathologic complications occur in susceptible tissues and organs

Congenital syphilis - nasal discharge, skin eruptions, bone defomration

Question 19

Chancroid

Answer 19

• caused by Haemophilus ducreyi (gram negative rod) and is sexually transmitted
• leads to chancres
• treated with tetracycline

Question 20

Chlamydia Trachomatis

Answer 20

human reservoir
2 human strains of C. trachomatis
1) trachoma - attacks the mucos membranes of the eys, genitourinary tract and lungs
- ocular trachoma - severe infection , deforms eyeline, blindness
- inclusion conjunctivitis - occurs as baby passes through birth canal
- STD

2) lymphogranuloma venereum