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Microbio > quiz 1 > Flashcards

quiz 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Fomite

A

A non living object that can transfer infectious agents from one person to another

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2
Q

Turbidity

A

The cloudiness or haziness of a fluid caused by large numbers of individual particles.

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3
Q

Incidence

A

The number of new cases of a disease in a specific period

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4
Q

Prevalence

A

The total number of cases of a disease in an existing case

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5
Q

Nosocomial infection

A

An infection acquired in a hospital or healthcare facility.

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6
Q

Index case

A

The first documented case of an infectious disease in a population

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7
Q

Incubation period

A

The time between exposure to an infectious agent and the appearance of symptoms

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8
Q

Reservoir host

A

An animal or human that harbors a pathogen without being affected by it and can serve as a source of infection

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9
Q

Inoculation

A

The introduction of a pathogen or antigen into a living organism to stimulate the production of antibodies.

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10
Q

Media

A

Nutrient-rich substances are used to grow microorganisms in a laboratory.

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11
Q

Characteristics of Bacteria

A
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12
Q

Characteristics of Archaea

A
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13
Q

Characteristics of Eukarya

A
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14
Q

Purpose of Quadrant Streak Plate

A

Isolate pure bacterial colonies.

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15
Q

Purpose of Synthetic Media

A

Chemically defined.

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16
Q

Purpose of Nonsynthetic Media

A

Not chemically defined.

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17
Q

Purpose of enriched media

A

Contains growth factors.

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18
Q

Purpose of selective media

A

Suppresses unwanted microbes.

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19
Q

Purpose of Differential Media

A

Distinguishes microbes by biochemical reactions.

20
Q

Purpose of Minimal media

A

Contains the minimal nutrients required

21
Q

Purpose of general purpose media

A

Supports the growth of a wide range of organisms

22
Q

Oil immersion lens (100x)

A

Oil reduces light refraction, improving resolution.

23
Q

Positive staining stains the _____

A

Stains the Cells

24
Q

Negative staining stains the ____

A

Stains the background

25
Q

Microscopes compound light:

A

Uses light to view specimens

26
Q

Confocal microscopes:

A

Uses laster light and optical sectioning

27
Q

Phase contract microscopes

A

Enhances contrast in transparent specimens

28
Q

Electron microscopes

A

Uses electron beams for high resolution imaging

29
Q

Gram positive:

A

thick peptidogylcan layer retains crystal violet stains

30
Q

Gram negative

A

Thin peptidoglycan layer and outer membrane do not retain the crystal violet, appearing pink/red

31
Q

Purpose of Agar

A

Solidifies the culture medium

32
Q

Bacterial Cultures:

Pure:
Mixed:
Contaminated:

A

Pure: Single species.
Mixed: Multiple species.
Contaminated: Unintended species

33
Q

What is a plasmid? and its function

A

Small DNA molecule within a cell that is physically separated from chromosomal DNA and can replicate independently. Functions in antibiotic resistance, metabolic functions, and virulence factors

34
Q

The genus and species of 3 bacteria causing meningitis. Are there preventive
methods for their infections?

A

Meningitis-Causing Bacteria:

Examples: Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae. Preventive methods include vaccines.

35
Q

Differential stain:

A

Differentiates types of organisms

36
Q

Purpose of quadrant streak

A

to isolate (purify) and amplify (increase the number in the sample)

37
Q

Synthetic media

A

chemically defined (we know exactly what it is)

38
Q

non synthetic / complex media

A

not fully defined - we have a general idea but might not know exactly

39
Q

General purpose media

A

useful to grow a large range of bacteria what we did during first week 1

40
Q

Selective media

A

used for growth of selected microgoranisms

41
Q

parfocal

A

meaning when the person increases or decresase the magnification by chaning from one objective lens to another, the sample will remain very nearly in focus

42
Q

coarse knob

A

brings into focus

43
Q

fine knob

A

brings further into focus

44
Q

Condenser lense

A

converges the light beams so they pass through the sample

45
Q

Diaphragm

A

controls the amount of light passes through the sample

46
Q
A

Microbio (8 decks)

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