Quiz 5 - (Viruses and the Immune System)

Question 1

properties of life

Answer 1

• cells obey laws of Energetics - cells are highly structured - cells metabolize - cells self-replicate (divide) - cells osmoregulate - cells communicate - cells show animation - cells grow, divide, and differentiate - cells die

Question 2

are viruses alive?

Answer 2

• no

Question 4

Lytic Cycle of bacterial viruses

Answer 4

phage attaches to cell > phage injects DNA > phage DNA circulates > new phage DNA and proteins are synthesized > phages assemble > cell lyses, realeasing phages

Question 5

lysogenic cycle of bacterial viruses

Answer 5

phage attaches to cell > phage injects DNA > phage DNA criculates > phage DNA inserts into the bacterial chromosome by recombination > Lysogenic bacterium reproduces normally, replicating the prophage at each cell division > many cell divisions

Question 6

two things all viruses have in common

Answer 6

protein

nucleic acid

Question 7

list two types of human viruses

Answer 7

emerging viruses

long established viruses

Question 8

examples of emerging viruses

Answer 8

SARS (coronavirus)

Ebola

West Nile

HIV

Question 9

examples of long established viruses

Answer 9

herpes

polio

rabies

influenza

Question 10

HIV is an example of a ___

Answer 10

retrovirus

Question 11

what things occur with an AIDS virus?

Answer 11

• reverse transcriptase
• integrates into the human genome
• kills white blood cells
• allows other diseases to enter the body

Question 12

What protects us from viruses, bacteria, fungi, and other things that “don’t belong?”

Answer 12

immune system

Question 13

what are the cels of the immune system called?

Answer 13

macrophages

Question 14

what are the chemicals of the immune system called?

Answer 14

• interferons

Question 15

Two types of lymphocytes

Answer 15

• B cells
• T cells

Question 16

function of B cells

Answer 16

• work through the production of antibodies

Question 17

function of T cells

Answer 17

work directly by interacting with foreign object

Question 18

where lymphotcytes come from

Answer 18

thymus

Question 19

your body produces B cells capable of producing _____ of different antibody molecules

Answer 19

trillions

Question 20

each b cell has its own unique _____

Answer 20

genome

Question 21

what happens once an organism has been exposed to an antigen?

Answer 21

• memory cells are formed which allows for a larger response the second time

Question 22

what do antibodies do?

Answer 22

• stick to other molecules
• serve as a “flag” so that other objects can be destroyed
• facilitate phagocytosis
• complement

Question 23

ways in which binding of antibodies to antigens inactivates antigens

Answer 23

• neutralization
• agglutination of microbes
• precipitation of dissolved antigens
• activation of complement system `

Question 24

what are great examples of stem cells?