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Introduction to the PA Profession > Quiz 5 Review > Flashcards

Quiz 5 Review Flashcards

1
Q

Define Advocacy

A

Public support for or recommendation of a particular cause or policy

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2
Q

Define Evidence Based Medicine (EBM)

A

The care of patients using the best available research evidence to guide clinical decision making

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3
Q

Evidence Based Medicine is the ____________, _________ and ____________ use of current best evidence in making decisions about the care of individual patients.

A

Conscientious; explicit; and judicious

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4
Q

What are the 3 characteristics that make up the “Improved Patient Outcomes” Triangle?

A

I) Individual Clinical Experience
II) Best Available Clinical Evidence
III) Patient’s Values & Expectations

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5
Q

The volume of EBM has _______ rapidly.

A

Grown

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6
Q

In Evidence Based Medicine there are improvements in…

A

Research design, clinical measurements and methods

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7
Q

EBM is not conducted in…

A

Ivory towers and armchairs

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8
Q

How does one utilize EBM?

A
  • Formulating a clinical question
  • Finding the best available evidence
  • Assessing the validity of the evidence
  • Applying evidence in practice
  • Evaluate performance
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9
Q

How do you formulate a clinical question?

A

Utilize PICO Questions

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10
Q

What is a PICO Question?

A
  • Patient
  • Intervention
  • Comparison
  • Outcome
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11
Q

What are the different categories of Evidence?

A

I) Primary (original) research
II) Systematic reviews
III) Summaries and guidelines

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12
Q

What is Primary (Original) Research?

A
  • Randomized controlled trials
  • Observational studies
  • Diagnostic and prognostic studies
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13
Q

What are Systematic Reviews?

A
  • Meta-analyses
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14
Q

Define Internal Validity

A

Are the results correct for the patients studied?

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15
Q

Define External Validity

A

Do the results apply to patients outside of the study

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16
Q

Define Study Design

A

How a study is set up

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17
Q

Define Experimental Study

A

Double-blind, randomized controlled

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18
Q

Define Cohort Study

A

Data collected over time and associations are made about predictor and outcome

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19
Q

Define Case-Control

A

Associations made between predictor and outcome based on whether outcome is present or absent

20
Q

Define Cross-Sectional

A

Study group evaluated at one point in time to evaluate predictors and outcome

21
Q

Define Temporal Characteristics

A

Dates and times of a study

22
Q

Define Geographic Characteristics

A

Place of study (single or multicenter)

23
Q

Define Sampling Strategy

A

Random or consecutively

24
Q

Define Attrition

A

How many subjects dropped out of study

25
Q

Define Chance

A

Random error, inherent in all observations

26
Q

Define Power

A

Probability of finding a specific magnitude of association between predictor and outcome

27
Q

What is the ratio for Power?

A

> 0.8

28
Q

Define P-Value

A

Probability that the associations between predictor and outcome could occur by chance

29
Q

What is the ratio for P-Value?

A

< 0.05

30
Q

Define Confidence Interval

A

Range of values that are statistically compatible with estimate of the study result

31
Q

Define Bias

A

Systematic error that produces a misleading impression of the true effect

32
Q

Define Sensitivity

A

The proportion of patients with the disease who have a POSITIVE result

33
Q

Define Specificity

A

The proportion of patients without the disease who have a NEGATIVE result

34
Q

Define Intent-to-Treat

A

Groups are analyzed according to their original assignments

35
Q

Define Confounding Factors

A

Something that skews the outcome that is related to the predictor variable

36
Q

What does CASPA stand for?

A

Central Application Service for Physician Assistants (CASPA)

37
Q

When was CASPA developed and by who?

A

Developed by PAEA in 2001

38
Q

How much does a PA program must pay to join PAEA?

A

$3,800 per year

39
Q

PA programs must pay a one-time participation fee of…

A

$5,500

40
Q

How much does the first application CASPA cost?

A

$179 first program

41
Q

How much does each subsequent additional program cost to apply to on CASPA?

A

$52

42
Q

What are the benefits of using CASPA?

A
  • Simplified admission process
  • One application that can go to any selected PA program
  • Verifies coursework and calculates GPAs
43
Q

T/F You should start your CASPA application early

A

True

44
Q

What must you need to have done 3 months or more prior to deadlines for CASPA?

A
  • Begin application
  • Inform references and see if they agree
  • Fill out colleges attended and references section
45
Q

What must you need to have done 10 weeks or more prior to deadlines for CASPA?

A
  • Request transcripts to be sent directly to CASPA

- Confirm references have received emails

46
Q

What must you need to have done 8 weeks or more prior to deadlines for CASPA?

A
  • Fill out application using transcripts

- Check out CASPA for missing information

47
Q

What must you need to have done 4 weeks or more prior to deadlines for CASPA?

A
  • Monitor application status and complete any missing information
  • Make sure letters of reference are in CASPA

Introduction to the PA Profession (6 decks)

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