Quiz 1 Review: Physician Assistant History & Milestones Flashcards
Define Physician Assistant
Licensed to practice medicine with physician supervision, examine patients, diagnose and treat illnesses, order lab tests, prescribe medicines, perform procedures, assist in surgery and counsel patients
T/F Physician Assistants are not graduates accredited PA educational programs
False; PA’s are graduates accredited PA educational programs
Who was Feldshers?
- Received medical training, but did not go to medical school
- Helped take care of troops when needed after/on battlefield
- Used medical skills in remote locations that didn’t have medical resources at the time
- In Russia
Who were the Barefoot Doctors?
- Took care of the needs of the population
- Easy route into medical school
- Profession that was developed to help meet the workforce needs
- Were prevalent in many Asian countries
Who was John Wall?
- First “loblolly boy” on USS Constellation
- Recognized in 1798
- Responsibilities: attended to surgeons, attend to preparation for nourishment of the sick, handled supplies, kept the supplies in the cockpit clean
Who was Abraham Flexner?
- Educator in Kentucky
- Saw the need to improve healthcare and make it better
- Charged with going and visiting all the medical schools in the US and took into account what was being taught in those schools
- Assessed and evaluated what was being taught
- Did not approve with what was being taught
What did Abraham Flexner think about the medical schools and what was being taught?
He saw a lack of standardization and unity
What resulted in the medical schools from Abraham Flexner?
- More than half of all medical schools closed/consolidated at that time, which significantly affected the workforce
- His reports led to a significant change in how medical education is delivered
- Ultimately contributed to the PA profession being born
Medicine and healthcare during the 1st half of the 20th century had physicians who were predominantly….
- White males
- More generalists than specialists
Medicine and healthcare during the 1st half of the 20th century had hospitals that accounted for _____ of total health care costs.
20%
Why was there a rapid decline in Generalist healthcare professionals after WWII?
War ends and many returning generalists find their hospital privileges to be restricted
The generalists after WWII ultimately use ____ benefits to become a ____________.
GI; specialist
After WWII generalist to specialist ratio declines to…
50:50
What was the result of generalists after WWII?
There was a declined access to healthcare in rural communities
How did the demand for health care services soar after WWII?
Shift from office to hospital-based practice with enhanced tech, coupled with increased wealth and availability of employer
In 1965 __________ became a law.
Medicare
In 1965 there were demands for __________ and ________ _________.
Equality; human rights
In 1965 there became equal access to…
Education and health care, which both became viewed as a “right” for all Americans
What was the first evident creation of the PA profession over time?
- Dr. Amos Johnson had a practice in N. Caroline that was very busy (1940s)
- He hired Henry “Buddy” Treadwell to be his assistant
- Had Buddy take vitals, run labs
- Eventually they built a strong bond and level of trust and Buddy began suturing and performing direct care for the patients
Who expanded the clinical role of nurses?
Dr. Loretta Ford and MD Henry Silver expanded the Nurse Practitioner
Who and how was the clinical knowledge and skills of nurses expanded?
Dr. Eugene Stead and nurse educator Thelma Ingles developed an advanced clinical nurse educational program at Duke University in late 1950s
The nurse educational program at Duke University was ________ accreditation by National League of Nursing.
Denied
T/F The first attempt to use nurses in expanded clinical roles was a success and gained national attention
False; the expansion failed to gain national attention
Dr. Eugene Stead launched…
The first 2 year educational program to train physician assistants in 1965 at Duke University
Define MEDEX
Another way to use former military corpsmen
What time period was MEDEX established?
Mid to late 1960s
MEDEX was created by…
Physicians, for physicians to help the quality/care provided for the patients
Who was Dr. Richard Smith?
He trained non-physician personnel to meet the needs of indigent patients
What did Dr. Richard Smith believe?
He believed that a similar approach could be used/applied to extend healthcare services to isolated communities
What was a high need fo the applicant base?
Need of diversity, needed to broaden the applicants
PA programs were cautioned not to…
Become overly reliant on former corpsmen b/c #’s being trained would decreases dramatically after Vietnam War
To expand to meet future needs, PA profession would need to…
Broaden pool of candidates
What did Dr. Hu Myers at Alderson-Broaddus College establish?
In 1968, he established the first 4 year baccalaureate program for PA’s, open to everyone, not only former military corpsmen
What followed after Dr. Hu Myers establishment?
Other academic programs soon followed that required students to have at least 2 years of prior college for admissions
How did the PA professional demographics change rapidly?
Demographics of PA profession changed including diversity and higher admission standards for students
T/F PA’s were educated as specialists to work in many care settings after graduation
False; PA’s were educated as generalists to work in primary care settings after graduation
What does AAPA stand for?
American Academy of Physician Assistants
Define AAPA
National voices for PAs in medical/surgical specialties
What does AAPA HOD stand for?
The American Academy of Physician Assistants House of Delegates
What does ARC-PA stand for?
Accreditation Review Commission on Education for the Physician Assistant
What does ADA stand for?
American with Disabilities Act
What does AMA stand for?
American Medical Association
What does CME stand for?
Continuing Medical Education
What does DO stand for?
Doctor of Osteopathy
Define DO
A professional doctoral degree for physicians and surgeons
Define Generalist
A physician trained in general practice who has not have specialty training
What does MD stand for?
Medical Doctor
What does MEDEX stand for?
Medicine Extension
Define Medic
A technician trained to provide basic medical care in combat conditions
Define Medicaid
A program operated by the state that provides medical care to low-income persons
Define Medicare
Program that provides funds for the elderly
What does NCCPA stand for?
National Commission on Certification of Physician Assistants
Define NCCPA
The only credentialing organization for PA’s in the US
What does PAEA stand for?
Physician Assistant Education Association
What does PANCE stand for?
Physician Assistant National Certifying Exam
What does PANRE stand for?
Physician Assistant National Recertifying Examination
What does SAAPA stand for?
Student Academy of the American Academy of Physician Assistants
