Quiz 1 Review: Physician Assistant History & Milestones Flashcards
Define Physician Assistant
Licensed to practice medicine with physician supervision, examine patients, diagnose and treat illnesses, order lab tests, prescribe medicines, perform procedures, assist in surgery and counsel patients
T/F Physician Assistants are not graduates accredited PA educational programs
False; PA’s are graduates accredited PA educational programs
Who was Feldshers?
- Received medical training, but did not go to medical school
- Helped take care of troops when needed after/on battlefield
- Used medical skills in remote locations that didn’t have medical resources at the time
- In Russia
Who were the Barefoot Doctors?
- Took care of the needs of the population
- Easy route into medical school
- Profession that was developed to help meet the workforce needs
- Were prevalent in many Asian countries
Who was John Wall?
- First “loblolly boy” on USS Constellation
- Recognized in 1798
- Responsibilities: attended to surgeons, attend to preparation for nourishment of the sick, handled supplies, kept the supplies in the cockpit clean
Who was Abraham Flexner?
- Educator in Kentucky
- Saw the need to improve healthcare and make it better
- Charged with going and visiting all the medical schools in the US and took into account what was being taught in those schools
- Assessed and evaluated what was being taught
- Did not approve with what was being taught
What did Abraham Flexner think about the medical schools and what was being taught?
He saw a lack of standardization and unity
What resulted in the medical schools from Abraham Flexner?
- More than half of all medical schools closed/consolidated at that time, which significantly affected the workforce
- His reports led to a significant change in how medical education is delivered
- Ultimately contributed to the PA profession being born
Medicine and healthcare during the 1st half of the 20th century had physicians who were predominantly….
- White males
- More generalists than specialists
Medicine and healthcare during the 1st half of the 20th century had hospitals that accounted for _____ of total health care costs.
20%
Why was there a rapid decline in Generalist healthcare professionals after WWII?
War ends and many returning generalists find their hospital privileges to be restricted
The generalists after WWII ultimately use ____ benefits to become a ____________.
GI; specialist
After WWII generalist to specialist ratio declines to…
50:50
What was the result of generalists after WWII?
There was a declined access to healthcare in rural communities
How did the demand for health care services soar after WWII?
Shift from office to hospital-based practice with enhanced tech, coupled with increased wealth and availability of employer
In 1965 __________ became a law.
Medicare
In 1965 there were demands for __________ and ________ _________.
Equality; human rights
In 1965 there became equal access to…
Education and health care, which both became viewed as a “right” for all Americans
What was the first evident creation of the PA profession over time?
- Dr. Amos Johnson had a practice in N. Caroline that was very busy (1940s)
- He hired Henry “Buddy” Treadwell to be his assistant
- Had Buddy take vitals, run labs
- Eventually they built a strong bond and level of trust and Buddy began suturing and performing direct care for the patients
Who expanded the clinical role of nurses?
Dr. Loretta Ford and MD Henry Silver expanded the Nurse Practitioner
Who and how was the clinical knowledge and skills of nurses expanded?
Dr. Eugene Stead and nurse educator Thelma Ingles developed an advanced clinical nurse educational program at Duke University in late 1950s
The nurse educational program at Duke University was ________ accreditation by National League of Nursing.
Denied
