Quiz 5 (Marijuana and Caffeine)

Question 1

List an effect of chronic marijuana use in each of the following systems: (6 points) a) Cognitive functions b) Cardiac system c) Reproductive system

Answer 1

Cognitive: potential decrease in IQ and memory, potentially responsible for “amotivation” Cardiac: Increase in HR Reproductive: Increase of abnormal sperm count and decrease in testosterone/sperm count in men; decrease of LH in women

Question 2

List 3 areas of the brain containing cannabinoid receptors and list a symptom of marijuana use associated with each affected area of the brain. (6 points)

Answer 2

Hippocampus: Learning and memory Cerebral Cortex: Higher cog functions Nucleus accumbens: stimulates reward Basal Ganglia: movement control

Question 3

Endocannabinoids are retrograde NT what does that mean? how do they work on a neuronal level

Answer 3

• They work backwards.
• Normal NT released from presynaptic a result of an action potential in the
• Endocannibinoids are produced in the post synaptic terminal as needed and prevent release of NT in pre synaptic neuron
• Prevents CA++ from entering terminal, if Ca++ can’t enter terminal, vesicles with NT can’t be released into synapse
  
  • Endocannibinoids block release of NT

Question 4

Alcohol Metabolic Pathway

Answer 4

1. Alcohol
2. Alcohol dehydrogenase (enzyme)
3. Acetaldehyde
4. Acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (enzyme)
5. Acetic Acid
6. Oxidation -> CO2 + H20 + energy

Question 5

Sometimes alcohol is misperceived as a stimulant. However, you know better by now. Explain two ways in which the brain is affected by the depressant effects of alcohol.

Answer 5

Alcohol is a depressant because it is an agonist for GABA, an inhibiting NT. It is perceived as a stimulant because it inhibits the prefrontal cortex which normally keeps us from doing impulsive things

Question 6

6. In addition to damage to the liver and the brain, what are 2 other chronic physiological effects of alcoholism? (6 points)

Answer 6

Cancer (mouth, pharynx, throat)

Heart problems

Question 7

Cause of Wernicke Korsakoff Encephaology

Answer 7

Dietary deficiency of vitamin B1 (thiamine)

Question 8

Three ways to make alcohol

Answer 8

• Fermentation
• Distillation
• Brewing

Question 9

Lowest therapeutic index

Answer 9

Alcohol

Question 10

Caffeine family

Answer 10

Xanthines

Question 11

Caffeine health benefits

Answer 11

Reduces risk of parkinsons in males with family history of parkinsons

Question 12

Why do we give chocolate on valentines day

Answer 12

• It used to be given as a wedding present by Spanish Princesses so people created a connection between chocolate and love