Quiz 5 - Foot Osteology

Question 1

anatomical categories of foot bones

Answer 1

1. tarsals
2. metatarsals
3. phalanges

Question 2

surgical categories of foot bones

Answer 2

1. forefoot: (metatarsals and phalangeS)
2. midfoot (lesser tarsus)
3. hindfoot (rearfoot, greater tarsus)

Question 3

which side of foot is CUBOID found?

what does it communicate w/?

Answer 3

lateral aspect

• communicates w/ calcaneus posteriorly
• lateral cuneiform & MT 4 medially
• metatarsal 5 anteriorly

Question 4

bones and summit of MEDIAL LONGITUDINAL arch

Answer 4

• summit: TALUS
• bones: calcaneus, talus, navicular, cuneiforms, and first 3 MTs

Question 5

summit and bones of the TRANSVERSE ARCH

Answer 5

(exists only on the MEDIAL side of the foot)

• summit: INTERMEDIATE CUNEIFORM
• bones: proximal to metatarsal bases

Question 6

summit and bones of LATERAL ARCH

Answer 6

• summit: CUBOID
• bones: calcaneus, cuboid, and 4th and 5th MTs

Question 7

normal plantar arches = name

Answer 7

pes rectus

Question 8

what is flat foot; other name

Answer 8

loss of longitudinal arch

pes planus

Question 9

increased height of longitudinal arch = name

Answer 9

pes cavus

Question 10

what is splay foot? other name?

Answer 10

loss of transverse arch

pes transversoplanus

Question 11

talar torsion

Answer 11

occurs when neck of talus deviates medially in relation to the body;

this anatomical arrangement is found in all humans, and is more pronounced in INFANTS than in adults

Question 12

what forms the angle (talar torsion)?

Answer 12

1. line bisecting the articular surface for the tibia
2. line bisecting head and neck of talus

*normal torsion in adults is ~18 degrees

Question 13

arteries that supply the talus;

which 2 are directly continuous w/ each other

Answer 13

• peroneal
• posterior tibial
• anterior tibial
• dorsalis pedis

Peroneal and posterior tibial artery are continuous w/ each other

Question 14

name the specific branches that provide the talus

Answer 14

1. direct branches to talar head and neck
   
   • from end of anterior tibial, or beginning of dorsalis pedis
2. artery of sinus tarsi/tarsal sinus
   
   • branch of dorsalis pedis OR lateral tarsal
3. artery of canalis tarsi/tarsal canal
   
   • from posterior tibial
4. deltoid artery
   
   • from artery of canalis tarsi
5. branches to posterior process
   
   • from branches off posterior tibial and fibular/peroneal

Question 15

angle of metatarsal declination

(why unique to humans)

Answer 15

proximal end is more superior than the distal end

(bc medial longitudinal arch is unique to humans)

Question 16

MEDIAL facets on metatarsals

Answer 16

1. 0
2. 1
3. 2
4. 2
5. 1

TOTAL = 6

Question 17

LATERAL FACETS on metatarsals

Answer 17

1. 0
2. 4
3. 1
4. 1
5. 0

6 total

Question 18

Shapes of proximal/posterior articular surfaces of the MTs

Answer 18

Proximal/posterior surface
• MT 1 - kidney
• MT 2 - triangular
• MT 3 - triangular
• MT 4 - quadrilateral
• MT 5 - has tuberosity called styloid process

Question 19

Fusion of distal phalanx and middle phalanx is relatively common –

what is this?

Answer 19

Fusion/union - forming synostosis (fusion or union of adjacent bones)