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FSU HUN 1201 > Quiz 5 (ch 7.5, Ch 8) > Flashcards

Quiz 5 (ch 7.5, Ch 8) Flashcards

0
Q 
A, D E K 
Readily stores in the body's adipose tissue
Toxic when taken in excess
Megadosing >10 X recommended intake
From supplements, not food
A

Fat soluble vitamins

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1
Q

Carbon containing compounds that regulate a wide range of body processes

A

Vitamins

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2
Q

Toxicity: blurred vision
Deficiency: night blindness

A

Vitamin A (retinol, retinal, retinoic acid)

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3
Q

Toxicity: hypercalcemia
Deficiency: rickets in children, osteoporosis and/or osteomalacia in adults

A

Vitamin D (cholecalciferol)

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4
Q

Toxicity: rare
Deficiency: hemolytic anemia, impairment of nerve, muscle, and immune function

A

Vitamin E (tocopherol)

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5
Q

Toxicity: none known
Deficiency: impaired blood clotting

A

Vitamin K (phylloquinone, menaquinone, menadione)

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6
Q

Water soluble vitamins (9)
Consumed on daily/weekly basis
Deficiency symptoms can arise quickly
Not stored in large amounts

A 
Vitamin C
Thiamin (B1)
Riboflavin (b2)
Niacin (b3)
Vitamin B6
Vitamin b12
Folate
Pantothenic acid B5
Biotin
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7
Q

Naturally occurring inorganic substances

Not digested or broken down

A

Minerals

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8
Q

Toxicity: none known
Deficiency: beriberi

A

Thiamin (B1)

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9
Q

Toxicity: none known
Deficiency: ariboflavinosis

A

Riboflavin vitamin b2

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10
Q

Toxicity: flushing, liver damage, glucose intolerance, blurred vision differentiation
Deficiency: pellagra

A

Niacin

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11
Q

Toxicity: nerve damage, skin lesions
Deficiency: anemia, seborrheic dermatitis

A

Vitamin B6

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12
Q

Toxicity: masks symptoms of vitamin b12 deficiency, specifically signs of nerve damage
Deficiency: macrocytic anemia

A

Folate

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13
Q

Toxicity: none known
Deficiency: pernicious anemia, tingling and numbness of extremities

A

Vitamin B12 cobalamin

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14
Q

Toxicity: none known
Deficiency: rare

A

Pantothenic acid

Biotin

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15
Q

Toxicity: nausea and diarrhea
Deficiency: scurvy, bone pain and fractures

A

Ascorbic acid (vitamin C)

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16
Q

Major minerals (7)
At least 100 my per day
Store >5g in the body

A 
Sodium 
Potassium
Phosphorus
Chloride
Calcium
Magnesium
Sulfur

(SSPPCCM)

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17
Q

Trace minerals (8)
Less than 100mg per day
Store <5g in the body

A 
Selenium
Copper
Fluoride
Iodine
Chromium
Manganese
Iron
Zinc
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18
Q

Toxicity: high blood pressure
Deficiency: muscle cramps

A

Sodium

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19
Q

Toxicity: muscle weakness, irregular heartbeat
Deficiency: same, plus paralysis

A

Potassium

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20
Q

Toxicity: muscle spasms, convulsions, low blood calcium
Deficiency: muscle damage, bone pain

A

Phosphorus

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21
Q

Only in meat, fish, and poultry

A

Heme

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22
Q

Plant and animal foods, iron fortified foods, supplements

Absorb about 25%

A

Non-heme

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23
Q

Toxicity: none known
Deficiency: dangerous blood acid-base imbalances, irregular heartbeat

A

Chloride

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24
Q

Toxicity: mineral and balances, shock, kidney failure, fatigue, mental confusion
Deficiency: osteoporosis, convulsions, heart failure

A

calcium

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25
Q

Toxicity: none known
Deficiency: low blood calcium, muscle spasms or seizures, nausea, weakness, increased risk for chronic diseases (such as heart disease, hypertension, osteoporosis, and type two diabetes)

A

Magnesium

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26
Q

Toxicity: none known
Deficiency: none known

A

Sulfur

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27
Q

Toxicity: brittle hair and nails, skin rashes, nausea and vomiting, weakness, liver disease
Deficiency: specific forms of heart disease and arthritis, impaired immune function, muscle pain and wasting, depression, hostility

A

Selenium

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28
Q

Toxicity: fluorosis of teeth and bones
Deficiency: dental caries, low bone density

A

Fluoride

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29
Q

Toxicity: goiter
Deficiency: goiter,hyperthyroidism, cretinism in infant of mother who is iodine deficient

A

Iodine

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30
Q

Toxicity: none known
Deficiency: elevated blood glucose and blood lipids, damage to bring in nervous system

A

Chromium

31
Q

Toxicity: impairment of Nero muscular system
Deficiency: impaired growth and reproductive function, reduce bone density, impaired glucose and lipid metabolism, skin rash

A

Manganese

32
Q

Toxicity: nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea; dizziness and confusion: rapid heartbeat; organ damage; death
Deficiency: iron deficiency microcytic anemia (small red blood cells), hypochromic anemia

A

Iron

33
Q

Toxicity: nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea; headaches; depressed immune function; reduced absorption of copper
Deficiency: growth retardation, delayed sexual maturation, eye and skin lesions, hair loss, increased incidence of illness and infection

A

Zinc

34
Q

Toxicity: nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea; liver damage
Deficiency: anemia, reduce levels of white blood cells, osteoporosis in infants and growing children

A

Copper

35
Q

(Tea, spinach) decrease zinc and iron absorption

A

Oxalic acid

36
Q

Combine with other substances
Phosphorylation occurs
Combinations activate the vitamin then the compound is needed
As a result vitamins help regulate metabolic pathways

A

B vitamins

37
Q

Easier to develop a toxic overload from supplements than food
So micronutrients consumed as supplements may be harmful to health example a, C, E
Most minerals have better absorption from animal sources versus supplements
In most cases food is better

A

Micronutrient metabolism

38
Q 
Vitamin C and cataract
Vitamin D and colon cancer
Vitamin E and complication of diabetes
Vitamin K and osteoporosis
Calcium and hypertension
Chromium and type two diabetes
Magnesium and muscle wasting and older adults
Selenium and certain types of cancer
A

Prevent or treat disease

39
Q

Some vitamin like factors and trace minerals may have beneficial health effects, such as:

A

Carnitine, boron, nickel, silicon

40
Q

Do not directly provide energy
Needed for generating energy from macronutrients
B complex vitamins are particularly important in the system energy metabolism
Often function as coenzyme
Excess amounts excreted in urine or kidney

A

Vitamins and minerals in energy metabolism

41
Q

Thiamine coenzyme

A

TPP

42
Q

Riboflavin coenzymes

A

FAD

FMN

43
Q

Niacin coenzymes

A

NAD

NADP

44
Q

Vitamin B6 coenzyme

A

PLP

45
Q

Folate coenzyme

A

THF

46
Q

Pantothenic Acid coenzyme

A

CoA

47
Q

Biotin coenzyme

A

Biotin

48
Q

Vitamin B12 coenzyme

A

b12

49
Q

Organic molecule need it for enzyme activity, has carbon

A

Coenzyme

50
Q

Coenzymes that function primarily in energy metabolism

A

Thiamin, riboflavin, vitamin B6, niacin, pantothenic acid, and biotin

51
Q

Coenzymes that function and cell regeneration and red blood cells synthesis

A

Folate and vitamin B12

52
Q

Metabolism of carbohydrates and branched chain amino acids
Assist in production of DNA and RNA and synthesis of neurotransmitters
Good sources: pork products, sunflower seeds, beans, whole or enriched grains

A

Thiamin vitamin B 1

53
Q

Combination of three enzymes

Conversion of pyruvate acetyl CoA

A

Pyruvate dehydrogenase

54
Q

Most important coenzyme

A

Thiamin pyrophosphate

55
Q

Main sources of thiamin

A

Meats and grains

56
Q

Involved in oxidation-reduction reactions
Part of coenzyme glutathione peroxidase (antioxidant)
Light sensitive
Ariboflavinosis: B2 deficiency; sore throat, swollen mucous membranes
1.3 mg per day (men); 1.1 mg per day (women)
Succinic and fumaric acid

A

Vitami B2 (riboflavin)

57
Q

Main sources of riboflavin (vitamin B2)

A

Meats and enriched foods, dairy

58
Q 
Two forms: nicotinic acid in Nicotinide
Required for oxidation reduction reactions of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats (NADH, NAD)
Can be made from amino acid tryptophan
Pellagra
16 mg (many); 14 mg (women,)
A

Niacin (Vitamin B3)

59
Q

Main sources of niacin

A

Meats and enriched grains

60
Q

Group of three related compounds
Coenzyme in amino acid metabolism and gluconeogenesis
Necessary for metabolism of homocysteine
Associated with higher cardiovascular disease risk

A

Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine)

61
Q

Main sources of pyridoxine

A

Garbanzo beans

62
Q

Works with enzymes are critical for DNA synthesis, so differentiation, amino acid metabolism, and repair damage cells
Special role in embryo development

A

Folate

63
Q

Main sources of folate

A

Grains, legumes

64
Q

Includes a number of compounds that have a cobalamin center surrounded by a ring structure
Works with coenzymes to assist D in a synthesis; essential for nervous system functioning

A

Vitamin B12 cyanocobalamin

65
Q

Main source of vitamin B 12

A

Crabs

66
Q

Absolutely essential for fatty acid metabolism
Necessary for coA formation required for synthesizing cholesterol, steroids, detoxification of drugs (liver)
5 mg per day for adults

A

Pantothenic acid

67
Q

Main sources of pantothenic acid

A

Mushrooms and whole grains

68
Q

Is considered a B vitamin
Coenzymes for fatty acid synthesis, gluconeogenesis
Transfers CO2 and carboxyl in reactions
Carbohydrates, fat, and protein metabolism

A

Biotin

69
Q

Vitamin like substance

A

Choline

70
Q

Component of thyroid hormones
Hormones that regulate body temperature, metabolism
Important for reproduction and growth
Low or excessive intake interferes with thyroid function
Goiter: enlarged thyroid gland

A

Iodine

71
Q

Iodine deficiency disorders

A

Cretinism, hypothyroidism

72
Q

Assist insulin and glucose uptake
Supports immune function and growth
Widely distributed in food

A

Chromium

73
Q

Cofactor in protein, fat, and carbohydrate metabolism, gluconeogenesis, cholesterol synthesis, and urea formation, bone matrix synthesis
Part of antioxidant enzyme (superoxide dismutase)

A

Manganese

74
Q

Main sources of manganese

A

Pineapples and pine nuts

75
Q 
A major mineral not a vitamin
Component of thiamin and biotin
Required by liver for alcohol detoxification
Assist in maintaining acid-base balance
Obtained from dietary proteins
A

Sulfur

76
Q

Impacts ability to perform physical activity

Diets high in unenriched processed foods

A

In adequate B vitamin intake

FSU HUN 1201 (6 decks)

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