Quiz 5 Flashcards
T/F Tree Shrews are more closely related to primates than are rodents.
True
T/F There are only lemurs but no lorises or monkeys on the island of Madagascar.
True
T/F New World Monkeys have more premolars than Old World Monkeys or Apes.
True
T/F Monkeys and apes are adapted to diurnal foraging (with only one exception).
True
T/F Old and New World Monkeys shared a common ancestor in Africa.
True
T/F Old World Monkeys are adapted to quadrupedal locomotion.
True
T/F Gibbons usually walk bipedally when on the ground.
True
Which of the following was probably NOT a trait found in the earliest primates? a. Grasping hands and feet b. The ability to synthesize vitamin C c. Binocular vision d. Insectivory e. 3-color vision
E. color vision
Gumivory is more likely to be a major feeding adaptation for which of the following? a. Tarsier b. Chimpanzee c. Marmoset d. Baboon e. American high school students
C. marmosets
The reduced thumbs of Spider Monkeys and Gibbons … a. evolved as an aid to brachiation b. is a result of disruptive selection c. is a sexually dimorphic trait that only appears in males d. is a homologous trait derived from their common ancestor e. makes it difficult for them to engage in suspensory locomotion
A. evolved as an aid to brachiation
The primate order is generally split into two major groups, the prosimians and the anthropoid primates. Name three major groups within each of these two suborders (common names OK).
Prosimians: lemurs, lorises, tarsiers
Anthropoids: monkeys, apes, humans
Body size and diet are related in primates. What dietary patterns are mostly associated with small body size? What dietary patterns are mostly associated with large body size?
Primates with smaller body size are more likely to be insectivores and gumivores, while larger body size primates usually eat fruits and leaves. This is because larger primates have a lower basal metabolic rate and longer food retention, which enables them to digest more fibrous foods.
Monkeys that eat mostly leaves often have specialized stomachs and intestines. What do these specializations provide (hint: what is special about digesting leaves compared to fruit)?
Monkeys that eat mostly leaves must be able to digest cellulose. This means that they often possess more complex stomachs and larger caecums.
Describe one form of locomotion that is found in prosimians but not in Old World Monkeys.
Prosimians locomote through vertical clinging and leaping, while Old World Monkeys do not.
Describe two skeletal adaptations to suspensory locomotion shared by apes (and not present in Old World Monkeys).
Adaptations to suspensory locomation found in apes but not Old World Monkeys include flexible vertebrae and longer forelimbs.
