Quiz 3

Question 1

T/F The Founder Effect produces an increase in genetic variation compared to the rest of the species.

Answer 1

F: the Founder Effect decreases genetic variation.

Question 2

T/F Counting the number of SNPs in their homologous genes can be used to guess how long ago two species shared a common ancestor.

Answer 2

T

Question 3

T/F All living humans share a single female ancestor (Mitochondrial Eve) and that all living men share a single male ancestor (Y-‐‐Chromosome Adam).

Answer 3

T

Question 4

T/F Cold symptoms and bird nests are examples of extended phenotypes.

Answer 4

T

Question 5

. T/F The ability of a fetus to obtain oxygen from mother’s blood has been aided by the evolution of duplicate hemoglobin genes.

Answer 5

T

Question 6

The Y-‐‐chromosome …

Answer 6

C. has fewer genes than any other chromosome

Question 7

What evidence suggests that the mitochondria inside plant and animal cells arose from the bacterial clade?

Answer 7

Mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own DNA. Genetic analysis shows that this DNA is much closer to that of bacteria than it is to that of plants or animals.

Question 8

How is the cell lineage leading to liver cells in a developing animal like a clade?

Answer 8

Cells all begin undifferentiated before they begin to branch off and specialize further and further. A clade looks very similar to this development, with one common starting point leading to different branches.

Question 9

Are mules a species? Explain why or why not.

Answer 9

Mules are not species; they cannot interbreed with one another to produce viable offspring.

Question 10

What does the protein produced by a regulatory gene do?

Answer 10

Regulatory proteins cause genes to produce more or less of something.

Question 11

T/F In sexual reproduction only 50% of each parent’s genes are passed to each offspring.

Answer 11

T

Question 12

T/F Aphids are small insects that can reproduce both parthenogenically and sexually.

Answer 12

T

Question 13

T/F Hermaphrodites have the ability to produce both kinds of gametes.

Answer 13

T

Question 14

Anisogamy is …

Answer 14

E. can be found in species lacking distinct male/female body types

Question 15

What are two (2) evolutionary “costs” of sexual reproduction? (as compared to asexual reproduction, e.g. budding or parthenogenesis)

Answer 15

Sexual reproduction decreases the likelihood of finding a partner by 50%; finding and competing for mates requires energy and resources. In addition, not all genes from one parent will get passed on (only half will), meaning that good combinations of genes found in one parent may not be seen in offspring.

Question 16

From an evolutionary perspective under what circumstances should a praying mantis male allow himself to be eaten by a female praying mantis? (i.e. what are the trade-‐‐offs?)

Answer 16

A praying mantis male is most likely to allow himself to be eaten by the female at the end of the breeding season, when he has mated with as many females as he can up to that point. Now, he must increase the likelihood of his genes continuing successfully by providing nutrition for the female so that she can carry his offspring.