Quiz 5

Question 1

Where does the spinal column extend from and to?

Answer 1

from foramen magnum to vertebra L1-2

Question 2

The pia mater continues caudally beyond the spinal column as the ___ ___.

Answer 2

filum terminale

Question 3

What’s the cauda equina and where does it originate?

Answer 3

a bundle of spinal nerves all of which originate in the conus medullaris at the L2 SC segment level

Question 4

How far does the dura mater extend?

Answer 4

to S2 (where it is known as the dural sheath)

Question 5

Where does the filum terminale attach at its distal end? What does the attachment do/support?

Answer 5

coccyx (passes through the dura); helps anchor the SC

Question 6

What does the epidural space contain?

Answer 6

veins, arteries and fat

Question 7

The SC is suspended within the dura mater by many __ __ which extend from the __ __.

Answer 7

denticulate ligaments; pia mater (through the arachnoid mater to the dura)

Question 8

The CSF in the vertebral (aka neural aka spinal) canal is between the ___ and ___.

Answer 8

arachnoid mater; pia mater

Question 9

The anterior and posterior roots join together at the ___ ___, a bony channel between adjacent vertebrae, to form a ____.

Answer 9

intravertebral foramen; spinal nerve

Question 10

The ___ root carries afferent information; the ___ root carries efferent signals from the spinal cord to muscles and viscera

Answer 10

dorsal; ventral

Question 11

Moving inferiorly down the spinal column, the length of the ___ increases progressively

Answer 11

nerve root

Question 12

The spinal cord has __ pairs of spinal nerves and therefore __ segments

Answer 12

31; 31

Question 13

The anterior median ___ in the posterior median ___ partially divided the spinal cord into right and left sides

Answer 13

fissure; sulcus

Question 14

What does the gray matter of the SC consist of?

Answer 14

The cell bodies of neurons, neuroglia, unmyelinated axons, and the dendrites of interneurons and motor neurons

Question 15

The collective term for the brainstem and SC is call the ___

Answer 15

neuraxis

Question 16

Lower motor neurons of the cranial nerves (Those that leave the brainstem) innervate the muscles of the ___. Lower motor neurons that leave the spinal column innervate muscles ___.

Answer 16

head; body (basically anything below the neck)

Question 17

The lateral horn is one of three gray ___ of the spinal cord; the others being the anterior and posterior gray ___

Answer 17

columns; columns

Question 18

The lateral horn is present at __ (how many?) levels of the spinal cord, specifically through levels of ___ - ___ (which vertebra?)

Answer 18

14; T1-L2

Question 19

___ nervous system outflow is via the T1-L2 cell bodies in the lateral horn

Answer 19

sympathetic

Question 20

The sympathetic nervous system is also referred to as the ___ ___

Answer 20

Thoracolumbar outflow

Question 21

LMNs are MNs that are found in the:

Answer 21

• ventral horn of the spinal column (spinal LMNs)

- cranial nerve nuclei of the brainstem (cranial nerve LMNs)

Question 22

LMNs classified based on: Alpha MNs innervate __ and Gamma MNs innervate ___

Answer 22

extrafusal muscle fibres; intrafusal muscle fibres

Question 23

What does the white matter of the SC consist of?

Answer 23

myelinated and unmyelinated axons of sensory neurons, interneurons and motor neurons

Question 24

__ is a condition where the space in the spinal canal narrows

Answer 24

spinal stenosis

Question 25

Excessive bone growth aka:

Answer 25

osteophytes

Question 26

How many nerves are in each spinal segment?

Answer 26

8 cervical
12 thoracic
5 lumbar
5 sacral
1 coccygeal