Quiz 5 Flashcards
Where does the spinal column extend from and to?
from foramen magnum to vertebra L1-2
The pia mater continues caudally beyond the spinal column as the ___ ___.
filum terminale
What’s the cauda equina and where does it originate?
a bundle of spinal nerves all of which originate in the conus medullaris at the L2 SC segment level
How far does the dura mater extend?
to S2 (where it is known as the dural sheath)
Where does the filum terminale attach at its distal end? What does the attachment do/support?
coccyx (passes through the dura); helps anchor the SC
What does the epidural space contain?
veins, arteries and fat
The SC is suspended within the dura mater by many __ __ which extend from the __ __.
denticulate ligaments; pia mater (through the arachnoid mater to the dura)
The CSF in the vertebral (aka neural aka spinal) canal is between the ___ and ___.
arachnoid mater; pia mater
The anterior and posterior roots join together at the ___ ___, a bony channel between adjacent vertebrae, to form a ____.
intravertebral foramen; spinal nerve
The ___ root carries afferent information; the ___ root carries efferent signals from the spinal cord to muscles and viscera
dorsal; ventral
Moving inferiorly down the spinal column, the length of the ___ increases progressively
nerve root
The spinal cord has __ pairs of spinal nerves and therefore __ segments
31; 31
The anterior median ___ in the posterior median ___ partially divided the spinal cord into right and left sides
fissure; sulcus
What does the gray matter of the SC consist of?
The cell bodies of neurons, neuroglia, unmyelinated axons, and the dendrites of interneurons and motor neurons
The collective term for the brainstem and SC is call the ___
neuraxis
Lower motor neurons of the cranial nerves (Those that leave the brainstem) innervate the muscles of the ___. Lower motor neurons that leave the spinal column innervate muscles ___.
head; body (basically anything below the neck)
The lateral horn is one of three gray ___ of the spinal cord; the others being the anterior and posterior gray ___
columns; columns
The lateral horn is present at __ (how many?) levels of the spinal cord, specifically through levels of ___ - ___ (which vertebra?)
14; T1-L2
___ nervous system outflow is via the T1-L2 cell bodies in the lateral horn
sympathetic
The sympathetic nervous system is also referred to as the ___ ___
Thoracolumbar outflow
LMNs are MNs that are found in the:
- ventral horn of the spinal column (spinal LMNs)
- cranial nerve nuclei of the brainstem (cranial nerve LMNs)
LMNs classified based on: Alpha MNs innervate __ and Gamma MNs innervate ___
extrafusal muscle fibres; intrafusal muscle fibres
What does the white matter of the SC consist of?
myelinated and unmyelinated axons of sensory neurons, interneurons and motor neurons
__ is a condition where the space in the spinal canal narrows
spinal stenosis
Excessive bone growth aka:
osteophytes
How many nerves are in each spinal segment?
8 cervical 12 thoracic 5 lumbar 5 sacral 1 coccygeal
