Motor Control Flashcards
Painful spasms are often called:
cramps
___ results in powerful, involuntary, sustained contractions of groups of muscles
dystonia
Common focal dystonias are ___ (wry neck, or cervical dystonia); ___ (blinking and closure of the eyelids); ___ and ___ (dystonia of the hand and arm).
torticollis; blepharospasm; writer’s cramp; musician’s cramp
___ denotes etreme slowness in movement and also difficulty initiating and sustaining movement (happens with Parkinson)
bradykinesia
___ is defined as involuntary, velocity-dependent, increased resistance to stretch. (happens with certain types of MS)
spasticity
___ is heightened resistance to passive movement of a limb that is independent of the velocity of stretch. Results from co-contraction of flexors and extensors.
rigidity
___ rigidity persists throughout the range of movement while ___ rigidity is rhythmic, interrupted, jerky resistance
lead-pipe; cogwheel
___ are rhythmic oscillating movements
tremors
___ is characterized by repetitive, brief, jerky, large-scale, dance-like uncontrolled movements that start in one part of the body and move abruptly, unpredictably, and often continuously to another
chorea
The inability to perform rapid alternately repeated movements, such as repeatedly pronating and supinating the forearm or running.
dydiadochokinesia
The ___ compares what your motor cortex intends to do with what is actually happening in the body (according to proprioceptive feedback and corrects the movement if there is a problem
cerebellum
Does the cerebellum work ipsillaterally or contralaterally?
ipsillaterally
Cerebellar dysfuntion: ___ is the inability to coordinate the muscles in the execution of voluntary movement
ataxia
Cerebellar dysfuntion: Drunken sailor’s gait is a form of:
ataxia
Cerebellar dysfuntion: A mild degree of ataxia would be called:
dystaxia
Cerebellar dysfuntion: The clinical term for the inability to perform point-to-point movement due to over or under projection.
dysmetria (aka past pointing)
What does diadochos mean?
working in turn
What does kinesis mean?
movement
Cerebellar dysfuntion: Tremor during purposeful motor activity is called:
intention tremor
Cerebellar dysfuntion: Trouble stabilizing eye movements; abnormal eye movements:
nystagmus
Cerebellar dysfuntion: Disturbance of speech production (not grammar) due to emotional stress, to brain injury, or to paralysis, incoordination, or spasticity of the muscles used for speaking.
dysarthria
A cerebellar form of dysarthria which is characterized by syllables of words separated by noticeable pauses:
scanning speech
Cerebellar dysfuntion: Often associated with an inability to stop a rapidly moving limb:
hypotonia
The Basal Ganglia area a collection of how many nuclei deep to the grey matter of the cerebral cortex?
6
The basal ganglia and cerebellum are large collections of nuclei that do what?
modify movement continuously
The motor cortex sends info to the BG and cerebellum and both send info right back via the:
thalamus
This is thought to be responsible for the background positioning of proximal muscles needed for all motor activities.
basal ganglia
The function of this structure is described as being a brake to movement.
basal ganglia
What’s the definition of festination?
abnormal quickening of gait (sometimes happens with Parkinson)
Four symptoms often associated with people with Parkinson are:
resting tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia, and postural instability
This is sometimes considered part of the basal ganglia (functional) and sometimes mentioned as a separate structure (anatomical)
the substantia nigra of the midbrain
