Quiz 5

Question 1

the place inside Earth’s crust where an earthquake originates

Answer 1

focus

Question 2

The place on the Earth’s surface directly above the focus

Answer 2

epicenter

Question 3

Earthquake foci depth on transform, divergent, and convergent plates

Answer 3

1)Transform- Shallow
2)Divergent-Shallow
3)Convergent-Deep

Question 4

a planar zone of seismicity corresponding with the down-going slab in a subduction zone

Answer 4

Wadati-Benioff zone

Question 5

Earthquake waves that travel through the body of the Earth

Answer 5

body waves

Question 6

Earthquake waves that travel along the Earth’s surface

Answer 6

surface waves

Question 7

P-waves

Answer 7

Type of body waves, primary waves, are compressional waves that move back and forth, similar to the action of an accordion or a slinky. Fastest waves

Question 8

S-waves

Answer 8

Secondary waves, are shear waves that move material in a direction perpendicular to the direction of travel. S-waves can only travel through solids, and are slower than P-waves. Body waves

Question 9

Love waves

Answer 9

faster surface waves, and they move material back and forth in a horizontal plane that is perpendicular to the direction of wave travel (see Figure 9.4). Buildings do not handle this type of movement well, and Love waves can also be responsible for considerable damage to structures.

Question 10

Rayleigh waves

Answer 10

Earth’s surface move in an elliptical motion, similar to the movement in a sea wave. This results in ground movement that is up and down and side-to-side.

Question 11

Intensity

Answer 11

Qualitative measures of the damage inflicted by an earthquake

Question 12

magnitude

Answer 12

Quantitative measures of the energy released by an earthquake

Question 13

quantitative measure of an earthquake’s magnitude using the logarithm of the amplitude, phased out due to inefficiency in large earthquakes

Answer 13

Richter scale

Question 14

This scale has values that range from Roman numerals I to XII which characterize the damage observed and people’s reactions to it. Data for this scale is often collected right after an earthquake by having the local population answer questions about the damage they see and what happened during the quake. This information can then be pooled to create an intensity map, which creates colored zones based on the information collected

Answer 14

The Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale

Question 15

estimates the total energy released by an earthquake and can be used to describe the magnitude of any size of earthquake including very large earthquakes. The magnitude is based on the seismic moment (estimated based on ground motions recorded on a seismogram), which is a product of the distance a fault moved and the force required to move it.

Answer 15

Moment Magnitude scale.

Question 16

a process where saturated sediments behave like a fluid.

Answer 16

liquefaction