Quiz 4

Question 1

Principle of inclusions

Answer 1

if inclusions (pieces of rock) are found within a rock formation, those inclusions must be older than the formation they are included within

Question 2

Identify this structure

Answer 2

Dome

Question 3

Disconformity

Answer 3

If the rocks above and below the erosion surface are parallel, the surface is called a disconformity

Question 4

Syncline

Answer 4

a concave upward fold in which the layered strata dip towards the center of the fold (it resembles a “U”).

Question 5

Identify this symbol

Answer 5

Anticline axis

Question 6

Identify this structure

Answer 6

Plunging syncline

Question 7

Geological events that can cause unconfomities

Answer 7

1) Deposition of sediments
2) Uplift and erosion
3) Metamorphism
4)Intrusion of magma
5) Faulting, folding, or tilting (Note the type of fault / fold and the stress that
caused it.

Question 8

Strike

Answer 8

the line formed by the intersection of a horizontal plane and an inclined surface. This line is called a strike line, and the direction the line points in (either direction, as a line points in two opposite directions) is the strike angle.

Question 9

Foot wall

Answer 9

the block located beneath the fault plane.

Question 10

Principle of original horizontality

Answer 10

undeformed sedimentary rock are deposited horizontally. This means that if we see sedimentary rock that is tilted or folded it was first deposited flat, then folded or tilted afterward

Question 11

Identify this structure

Answer 11

Reverse fault

Question 12

Identify this structure

Answer 12

Monocline

Question 13

Angular unconformity

Answer 13

The rocks below the erosion surface are
not parallel with those above, the surface is called an angular unconformity

Question 14

Identify this symbol

Answer 14

Plunging anticline axis

Question 15

Identify this symbol

Answer 15

Plunging syncline axia

Question 16

Principle of faunal succession

Answer 16

a stratigraphic principle where geologists use fossils in the rock to help interpret the relative ages of the rock.

Question 17

Identify this structure

Answer 17

Overturned anticline

Question 18

normal fault

Answer 18

When extensional forces are applied to the fault blocks , the hanging wall block will move down with respect to the foot wall block.

Question 19

Identify this structure

Answer 19

Syncline

Question 20

Hanging wall

Answer 20

The block located above the fault plane

Question 21

Dip

Answer 21

the angle between that horizontal plane and the inclined surface (such as a geological contact between tilted layers) measured perpendicular to the strike line down to the inclined surface.

Question 22

Identify this symbol

Answer 22

Horizontal strata

Question 23

Dome

Answer 23

an upwarping of Earth’s crust, which is similar to an anticline in terms of the age relationships of the rocks

Question 24

anticline

Answer 24

fold is convex up: the layered strata dip away from the center of the fold (if you drew a line across it, the anticline would resemble a capital letter “A”

Question 25

Basin

Answer 25

an area where the rocks have been warped downwards towards the center, with age relationships being similar to a syncline. Oldest strata at the outer layer

Question 26

Identify this structure

Answer 26

Anticline

Question 27

Identify this symbol

Answer 27

Syncline axis

Question 28

Principle of cross-
cutting relationship

Answer 28

hen two geologic
features intersect, the one
that cuts across the other is
younger

Question 29

dip-slip faults

Answer 29

the movement along the fault is either up or down.

Question 30

Nonconformity

Answer 30

is an unconformity where the rock type is different above and below the unconformity. For example, if
uplifted intrusive igneous rocks are
exposed at the surface and then covered with sedimentary rock, the boundary between the two rock types is a nonconformity

Question 31

Identify this structure

Answer 31

Normal fault

Question 32

Identify this symbol

Answer 32

Strike and Dip

Question 33

Identify this structure

Answer 33

Basin

Question 34

Law of superposition

Answer 34

in an undeformed sequence
of sedimentary rocks the oldest
rocks will be at the bottom of
the sequence while the youngest
will be on top.

Question 35

Identify this symbol

Answer 35

Slipstrike fault

Question 36

reverse fault

Answer 36

When compressional forces are applied to the fault blocks (such as in a convergent plate boundary tectonic setting), the hanging wall block will move up relative to the foot wall block

Question 37

Oldest to youngest map symbols

Answer 37

1)p-C (Precambrian)
2)-C (Cambrian)
3)O (Ordovician)
4)S (Silurian)
5)D (Devonian)
6)M (Mississippian)
7)IP (Pennsylvanian)
8)P (Permian)
9)Tr (Triassic)
10)J (Jurassic)
11)K(Cretaceous)
12)T(Tertiary)
13)Q(Quaternary)

Question 38

Identify this structure

Answer 38

Dome

Question 39

Identify this structure

Answer 39

Basin

Question 40

Identify this structure

Answer 40

Plunging anticline

Question 41

monocline

Answer 41

a simple fold structure that consists of a bend in otherwise horizontal rock layers.

Question 42

Identify this symbol

Answer 42

Verticle strata