Quiz #5

Question 1

Joints of the knee

5

Answer 1

Tibiofemoral Joint (Knee Joint)
Patellofemoral Joint
Proximal/Superior Tibiofibular Joint
Mid-Tibiofibular Joint
Distal TIbiofibular Joint

Question 2

Type and Articular Surfaces

Tibiofemoral Joint

Answer 2

Synovial, Hinge (Ginglymus), Diarthrosis, Biaxial
Convex: Medial and lateral femoral condyles
Concave: medial and lateral superior articular surfaces of the tibia (tibial plateaus)

Question 3

Ligaments and Movements

Tibiofemoral Joint

Answer 3

Ligaments:
Extracapsular: Fibrous capsule, Patellar, Medal patellar retinaculum, lateral patellar retinaculum, tibial or medial collateral, Fibular of lateral collateral, oblique pipliteal and arcuate popliteal
Intracapsular: anterior cruciate, posterior cruciate, posterior meniscofemoral, transverse, coronary, medial and lateral menisci
Movements: Gliding, flexion, extension, hyperextension, lateral/external rotation, medial/internal roration

Question 4

ACL: Anterior Criciate Ligament

Answer 4

• From medial aspect of lateral femoral condyle to anterior aspect of tibial intercondylar eminence
• Resists anterior translation and medial rotation of the tibia on femur
• Taut in Hyperextension

Question 5

PCL: Posterior Cruciate Ligament

Answer 5

• From posterior aspect of intercondylar eminence to lateral aspect of the medial femoral condyle.
• Resists posterior translation of the tibia on femur
• Taut in Hyperflexion

Question 6

Meniscus

Answer 6

• Acts to disperse weight evenly and to reduce friction with movement
• The medial meniscus is attached to the medial collateral ligament and semimembranous musle/tendon
• The Lateral meniscus is attached to the posterior cruciate ligament and the popliteal muscle
• The menisci are attached to each other anteriorly by the transverse ligament of the knee, and to the margins of the head of the tibia by the coronary ligaments

Question 7

Bursae

Answer 7

1. Suprapatellar Bursa
2. Superficial & Deep infrapatellar Bursae
3. Prepatellar Bursa
4. Popliteal Bursa
5. Semimembranous Bursa
   * Tendon insertion of biceps femoris
   * tendon insertion of sartorius
   * Gracilis
   * Semitendinosus
   * Origins of Lateral and Medial heads of Gastrocnemius

Question 8

Tibiofemoral Joint

Loose Packed or Resting Postion

Answer 8

25º of Flexion

Question 9

Tibiofemoral Joint

Close Packed Position

Answer 9

Full Extension, lateral rotation of tibia

Question 10

Tibiofemoral Joint

Capsular Pattern of restriction

Answer 10

Flextion then Extension

Question 11

Normal End Feels Tibiofemoral Joint

Answer 11

Flexion: Soft tissue or bony approximation
Extension: Elastic/firm, tissue stretch

Question 12

ROM Tibiofemoral Joint

Answer 12

Flexion = 0 - 135º
Extension = 0 - 15º
Internal rotaton = 20 - 30º
External Rotation = 30 - 40º

Question 13

Tibiofemoral Joint

Arthrokinematics

Answer 13

Open-Chain:
Flexion - Roll = Posterior and medial rotatio; Slide = Posterior
Extension - Roll = Anterior and lateral rotation; Slide = Anterior
Close chain:
Flexion - Roll = Posterior and lateral rotation; Slide = Anterior
Extension - Roll = Anterior and medial rotation; Slide = Posterior

Question 14

Tibiofemoral Joint

Open kinetic Chain

Answer 14

Example: Kicking a ball
Flexion: Concave tibial plateau roll & glides on the convex femoral condyles
Extension: Concave tibial plateua rolls & glides anteriorly on convex femoral condyles

Question 15

Tibiofemoral Joint

Closed Kinetic Chain

Answer 15

Example: Squat
Flexion: femoral condyles roll and glide on posteiror on tibial plateau (Squatting)
Extension: femoral condyles toll and glide anterior on tibial plateau (moving from squat to standing)

Question 16

Q Angle

Answer 16

Genu Valgum: Q angle greater than 22º in women and 18º in men “knocked Knees”
Genu Varum: Q angle less than 0º, the distal points medially “bow legs”
Genu Recurvatum: Hyperextension of knee

Question 17

Patellofemoral Joint

Answer 17

Type of joint: synovial, plane (gliding), diarthrotic, triaxial
Concave posteiror surface of patella and convex troclear surgace of distal anterior femur
Ligaments: patellar ligament, medial and lateral patellofemoral ligament
Movement: superior and inferior glide, medial and lateral glide, medial and lateral tilt and lateral and medial rotation