Quiz #1 Flashcards
Definition
Arthrology
The study of joints
Difinition
Joint (Articulation or Arthrosis)
Point of contact between two bones
Definition
Kinesiology
Study of motion in the human body
Definition
Athrokinematics
Movements that occur inside the joint (roll, slide and spin)
Definition
Osteokinematics
Movements of body parts (flexion, extension, abduction and adduction)
Joint Classifications
3 Classifications
- Structure
- Function
- Biomechanical properties
Structural Joints
- Fibrous
- Cartilaginous
- Synovial
Function
- Synarthrosis
- Aphiarthrosis
- Diarthrosis
Biomechanical
- Simple Joint: 2 articulating surfaces ie. GH joint
- Complex Joint: 2 or more articulating surfaces with disc or meniscus ie. knee, TMJ
- Compount Joint: Three or more articular surfaces ie. radiocarpal.
Structural: Fibrous
- Synostosis
- Syndesmosis
- Interosseous Membranes
Structural: Cartilaginous
- Sunchondrosis
- Symphysis
- Epiphyseal cartilage
Structural: Synovial
- Ball and Socket
- Condyloid
- Plane
- Pivot
- Hinge
- Saddle
Synovial Fluid Function
- Lubricates the synovial cavity
- Reduces friction
- Shock absorption
- Supply oxygen and nutrients to cartilage in capsule
- Takes waste away like CO2
- Contains phagocutes to remove normal debris or microbes from wear and tear
Inactivity makes synovial fluid thicker or more viscous.
Articular Discs
Act as shock absorber; creates better fit between articulating bones.
Also distributes fluid and weight over more area.
Labrum
Deepens joint socket with fibrocartilaginous lip.
Increases socket depth, Increases Surface Area in ball and socket joints. like hip and shoulder.
Bursae
Fluid filled sac lined with a synovial membrane. acts as cushion or protection around a joint. May be located between sking and bones, tendon and bones, Muscle and bones, Ligaments and Bones.
Bursitis is inflammation of a Bursa
Factors that affect contact of synovial joints
- Structures / Shape
- Strength / Tautness of ligaments
- Arrangement / Tension of muscles
- Contact of soft parts
- Hormones; relaxin
- Disuse: restricts movement, decreases synovial fluid production, muscle atrophy, decreases joint mobility and flexibility.
Synovial jont movements
- Uniaxial: movement in one plane, around one axis
- Biaxial: movement in two plane, around two axes
- Triaxial or multiaxial: movement in all three planes, around 3 axes.
Joint Surface Movements
- Roll
- Spin
- Slide
Nerve supply to Synovial Joints
Same nerves that innervaates the skeletal muscle around the joint. Synovial joints contain many nerve endings throughout the articular surfaces and capsule. For pain, stretch sensation, degree of motion.
Blood Supply to synovial joints
Synovial jonts are avascular and fibrous capsules and ligaments are poorly vascualrized. Synovial membranes are highly vascularized with lots of capillaries makint synovial fluid rich in nutrients and O2 for the articular cartilare.
Chondrocytes in articular cartilage receive o2 and nutrients
