Quiz #1

Question 1

Definition

Arthrology

Answer 1

The study of joints

Question 2

Difinition

Joint (Articulation or Arthrosis)

Answer 2

Point of contact between two bones

Question 3

Definition

Kinesiology

Answer 3

Study of motion in the human body

Question 4

Definition

Athrokinematics

Answer 4

Movements that occur inside the joint (roll, slide and spin)

Question 5

Definition

Osteokinematics

Answer 5

Movements of body parts (flexion, extension, abduction and adduction)

Question 6

Joint Classifications

3 Classifications

Answer 6

• Structure
• Function
• Biomechanical properties

Question 7

Structural Joints

Answer 7

• Fibrous
• Cartilaginous
• Synovial

Question 8

Function

Answer 8

• Synarthrosis
• Aphiarthrosis
• Diarthrosis

Question 9

Biomechanical

Answer 9

• Simple Joint: 2 articulating surfaces ie. GH joint
• Complex Joint: 2 or more articulating surfaces with disc or meniscus ie. knee, TMJ
• Compount Joint: Three or more articular surfaces ie. radiocarpal.

Question 10

Structural: Fibrous

Answer 10

• Synostosis
• Syndesmosis
• Interosseous Membranes

Question 11

Structural: Cartilaginous

Answer 11

• Sunchondrosis
• Symphysis
• Epiphyseal cartilage

Question 12

Structural: Synovial

Answer 12

• Ball and Socket
• Condyloid
• Plane
• Pivot
• Hinge
• Saddle

Question 13

Synovial Fluid Function

Answer 13

• Lubricates the synovial cavity
• Reduces friction
• Shock absorption
• Supply oxygen and nutrients to cartilage in capsule
• Takes waste away like CO2
• Contains phagocutes to remove normal debris or microbes from wear and tear
  Inactivity makes synovial fluid thicker or more viscous.

Question 14

Articular Discs

Answer 14

Act as shock absorber; creates better fit between articulating bones.
Also distributes fluid and weight over more area.

Question 15

Labrum

Answer 15

Deepens joint socket with fibrocartilaginous lip.
Increases socket depth, Increases Surface Area in ball and socket joints. like hip and shoulder.

Question 16

Bursae

Answer 16

Fluid filled sac lined with a synovial membrane. acts as cushion or protection around a joint. May be located between sking and bones, tendon and bones, Muscle and bones, Ligaments and Bones.

Bursitis is inflammation of a Bursa

Question 17

Factors that affect contact of synovial joints

Answer 17

1. Structures / Shape
2. Strength / Tautness of ligaments
3. Arrangement / Tension of muscles
4. Contact of soft parts
5. Hormones; relaxin
6. Disuse: restricts movement, decreases synovial fluid production, muscle atrophy, decreases joint mobility and flexibility.

Question 18

Synovial jont movements

Answer 18

• Uniaxial: movement in one plane, around one axis
• Biaxial: movement in two plane, around two axes
• Triaxial or multiaxial: movement in all three planes, around 3 axes.

Question 19

Joint Surface Movements

Answer 19

• Roll
• Spin
• Slide

Question 20

Nerve supply to Synovial Joints

Answer 20

Same nerves that innervaates the skeletal muscle around the joint. Synovial joints contain many nerve endings throughout the articular surfaces and capsule. For pain, stretch sensation, degree of motion.

Question 21

Blood Supply to synovial joints

Answer 21

Synovial jonts are avascular and fibrous capsules and ligaments are poorly vascualrized. Synovial membranes are highly vascularized with lots of capillaries makint synovial fluid rich in nutrients and O2 for the articular cartilare.

Chondrocytes in articular cartilage receive o2 and nutrients