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Virology > Quiz 4 Viruses > Flashcards

Quiz 4 Viruses Flashcards

1
Q

Mumps

A 
Paramyxovirus
(-) SS RNA
Enveloped
Helical
Airborne Spread
18-21 days incubation
1' tropism resp epithelium
viremia important to spread to parotid/testes
2' tropism parotid 
virus shed through saliva
Prodromal Sx: nonspecific fever / malaise / anorexia
Clinical Sx: parotiditis usual presenting sx. Also Orchitis
causes hemagglutination
Live attenuated vaccine in MMR; 2 doses 
No Rx.
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2
Q

Measles

A

Paramyxovirus
(-) SS RNA
Enveloped
Helical
Airborne Spread
14 days incubation
1’ tropism respiratory epithelium
viremia important to spread
Prodromal: Kopliks spots/fever/malaise/cold like Sx, conjunctivitis/photophobia,
Clinical Sx: Rash of erythematous macules, encephalitis,
Complications Subacute Sclerosing PanEncephalitis
Sx. Measles prodrome + intellectual deterioration
Hemagluttination
Multinucleate giant cells
Rx w. Vitamin A.

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3
Q

Prions

A 
Misfolded proteins
Scrapie in sheep
Kuru in New Guinea b/c cannibalism 
Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease - genetic
varient CJD - eating infected beef in UK
causes encephalopathy and death.
No cure, no Tx.
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4
Q

Transducing Tumor Virus

A

Retrovirus
inserts an oncogene from previous host cell and expresses it under the viral promoter
often defective virus due to additional genetic material
Rapid and spectacular tumor formation
No human examples

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5
Q

Non-Transducing Tumor Virus

A

Retrovirus
inserts viral promoter upstream of proto-oncogene
No human examples
potentially useful for gene therapy.
Trial used to treat SCID… causes leukemia

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6
Q

Long Latency Tumor virus

A

non-transducing retroviruses
HTLV 1&2 only human example
Genes: gag, pol, env, tax
increases likelihood of malignancy

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7
Q

DNA Tumor

A

DNA integrates
EBV, KSHV(HHV-8)
EBV causes translocation of c-myc gene to antibody promoter
KSHV requires immune suppression; highly angiogenic

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8
Q

HHV1

A 
Herpes Simplex;  HSV1
Enveloped
linear dsDNA
icosahedral
saliva transmission
Cold sores, temporal lobe encephalitis, keratosis, stomatitis
latent in trigeminal ganglia
activated by stress/fever/UV light
80% seroprevelance
7-14 day incubation
Herpes simplex encephalitis; PCR of CSF
Rx: 
triflurodine for recurrent keratitis
adenine arabanoside for encephalitis
acyclovir for systemic & encephalitis
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9
Q

HHV2

A 
Herpes Simplex; HSV2
Enveloped
linear dsDNA
icosahedral
sexual transmission; perinatal
Genital herpes, neonatal herpes (fatal; and indicator for C-section)
7-14 days incubation
primary infection bilaterally
recurrent infection unilateral
Rx w/ acyclovir
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10
Q

HHV3

A 
Varicella-Zoster; Chickenpox-Shingles
Enveloped
linear dsDNA
icosahedral
airborne and contact transmission
14-21 day incubation
fever, rash, lesions
congenital can result in limb scaring and atrophy
Post herpatic neuralgia post Zoster
live attenuated vaccine
Rx.
passive IgG, acyclovir for shingles. foscarnet
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11
Q

HHV4

A

Cytomegalovirus; CMV
Enveloped
linear dsDNA
icosahedral
close contact, nasal fluid, semen, urine, vag secretions
3-12 weeks incubation
Most common congenital infection; crosses placenta
mononucleosis (negative heterophile test)
Large multinucleated cells & owl eye inclusions
common in preschool/daycare
TORCH infection; microcephalic; retardation; deafness; jaundice; hepato/spleanomegaly, anemia
Recurrent in immunocompromised; esophagitis; retinitis
Rx: gancyclovir; pooled IgG

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12
Q

HHV5

A

Epstein-Barr Virus; EBV
Enveloped
linear dsDNA
icosahedral
saliva, oral contact, shared items
4-6 Week incubation
causes Mononucleosis, Burkitts lymphoma, Hogkins lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, hepatitis,
Sx. Fever, sore throat, lymphadenopathy,, oral hairy leukoplakia
Dx. Positive heterophile test w/ sheep RBCs

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13
Q

HHV6

A 
Enveloped
linear dsDNA
icosahedral
Roseola infantum; high fever, systemic rash
90% seroprevalence
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14
Q

HHV7

A

No disease
Enveloped
linear dsDNA
icosahedral

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15
Q

HHV8

A 
Kaposi Sarcoma Herpes Virus
Enveloped
linear dsDNA
icosahedral
multiple pigmented, highly vascular lesions 
high Vascular Epithelial GF expression
only in severe immunocompromised pts. 
15-20% AIDS Pts
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16
Q

Herpes virus virology

A

fusion; adsoprtion; capsid to nucleus; genome integration
progeny assemble in nucleus & bud through
glycoproteins in PM –>cell fusion giant-multinucleate-cells
tegument proteins

17
Q

Arbo viruses

A 
Flavivirus
- St. Louis Encephalitis
- West Nile Virus
- Yellow Fever Virus
- Dengue Virus
Togavirus
- Western Equine Encephalitis
- Eastern Equine Encephalitis
18
Q

St. Louis Encephalitis

A 
Flavivirus
Enveloped
(+) SS-RNA
Icosahedral
Arthropod Vector; Birds
7 day incubation human; 14 days in arthropod
Encephalitis
>50 years old increased risk
viremia, multiplication in vasuclar endothelium
prodromal malaise and fever,
19
Q

West Nile Virus

A 
Flavivirus
Enveloped
(+) SS-RNA
Icosahedral
Arthropod Vector; Aedes aegypti; Birds
7 day incubation
Encephalitis
>50 years old increased risk
viremia following multiplication in vascular endthelium
prodromal malaise and fever
20
Q

Yellow Fever Virus

A 
Flavivirus
Enveloped
(+) SS-RNA
Icosahedral
Arthropod Vector; Aedes aegypti; human only reservoir
7 day incubation
Yellow fever; fever, nausea, jaundice
high mortality
infects vascular endothelium, 
Live attenuated vaccine
21
Q

Dengue Virus

A 
Flavivirus
Enveloped
(+) SS-RNA
Icosahedral
arthropod vector, Aedes aegpti; humans only resevoir
7 day incubation
"Bone Break fever" 2nd infection hemorrhagic Dengue
pain, headache, fever, joint pain, rash
Hemorrhagic dengue = vomit blood, shock
severe, not life threatening
4 serotypes
22
Q

Western Equine Encephalitis

A 
Togavirus
Enveloped
(+) SS-RNA
Icosahedral
Mosquitos; bird host
7 day incubation
Encephalitis
rural areas w/ high mosquito populations
10% fatal; many cases subclinical
Infants and >50yo increased risk
Humans & horses dead end hosts
23
Q

Eastern Equine Encephalitis

A 
Togavirus
Enveloped
(+) SS-RNA
Icosahedral
Mosquitos; bird host
7 day incubation period
Encephalitis
75% case fatality
some subclinical infections
<10yo increased risk
horses and humans dead end host; transmission through birds
24
Q

Parvo B-19

A

Parvovirus
Enveloped
Linear single stranded DNA
Icosahedral
Airborne
7 day incubation
arrhythmia infectiousum in children “slapped cheek”
congenital 1-2trimester hydrops fetalis; edema; fetal death
transient aplastic crisis
acute arthritis most common presentation
RBC deficit puts get transient aplastic crisis
infects RBC precursors
normal immune = subclinical or fever/malaise.rash
passive immunzation w/ pooled IgG

25
Q

Rubella

A

Togavirus
Enveloped
(+) SS-RNA
Icosahedral
Airborne transmission
18 day incubation
rubella(german measles) or congenital rubella
multiplies in resp epithelium
viremia develops; less infectious than measles
Early maternal infection w/ increased chance of congenital defects
Rash for 3 days; fever, lymphadenopathy
Congenital rubella; cateracts, heart defects, deafness, retardation

Virology (6 decks)

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