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Pathogenic Viruses Flashcards

(59 cards)

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1
Q

Polio virus

A 
Picornavirus
Enterovirus
Non-Envelope
(+) SS-RNA
Fecal-Oral transmission
Vaccine available IPV and OPV
GI colonization and transcytosis to nerve cells
Bulbar poliomyelitis - paralyzes respiratory muscles
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2
Q

Coxsackie A virus

A 
Picornavirus
Enterovirus
Non-Envelope
(+) SS-RNA
Fecal-Oral
very stable
Highly infectious w high shed
Hand Foot and Mouth Disease
Aseptic Meningitis
Herpangina (mouth blisters)
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3
Q

Coxsackie B virus

A

Coxsackie B virus
Stable
Infectious w/ high shed
Myocarditis
Pleurodynia/”Bornholm Disease”
Unilateral Chest pain targets intercostals
Possible role in Juvenile DM and Chronic Fatigue
No vaccine
No Anti-Viral
diagnosis by Ab titers and RNA PCR for CSF

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4
Q

ECHO virus

A 
Picornavirus
Enterovirus
Non-Envelope
(+) SS-RNA
32 serotypes
Causes Rashes
Leading cause of aseptic meningitis
No Vaccine
No Antivirals
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5
Q

Rotavirus

A 
Reoviridae 
non-envelope
DS-RNA x10
RDRP dependent
Very stable
Fecal oral, High shed
Main cause 0-18 mo gastroE
Seasonal winter peak
2 day incubation
treat symptomatically
Vaccine available "Rotarix" live-attenuated oral
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6
Q

Norwalk Virus

A 
Caliciviridae
Norovirus
(+) SS-RNA
Non-Envelope
Gastroenteritis
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7
Q

Enterovirus EV70

A 
Picornavirus
Enterovirus
Non-Envelope
(+) SS-RNA
Acute Hemorrhagic Conjunctivitis
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8
Q

EV 71

A 
Picornavirus
Enterovirus
Non-Envelope
(+) SS-RNA 
Hand Foot Mouth Disease
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9
Q

EV72 / Hepatitis A

A 
Picornavirus
Enterovirus
Non-Envelope
(+) SS-RNA
Hepatitis A
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10
Q

Rhinovirus

A 
Picornavirus
Enterovirus
Non-Envelope
(+) SS-RNA
common cause of Common cold
Not enteric pathway (Respiratory tract)
pH 3 killed
cold growth (33C)
Aerosol droplet
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11
Q

Adenoviruses

A 
Adenoviridae
Non-Envelope
DS-DNA
Fecal-Oral, aerosol, direct infection of eyes
remains in adenoids/tonsils
-respiratory diseases
-epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (pink eyes)
- Gastroenteritis
Winter and shoulder seasons
Sarcoma in mice
No vaccine
No treatment
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12
Q

Astroviruses

A 
Astroviridae
Non-Enveloped
Cubic Capsids
(+)SS-RNA
Gastroenteritis
Fever, Nausea, vomiting, Malaise
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13
Q

Influenza

A

Orthomyxoviridae
3-Types (A,B,C)
(-) SS-RNA x 8 w/ separate nucleocapsids
Envelope
Aerosol droplet transmission
Glycoprotein antigens Hemagglutinin and Neuraminidase
destruction of ciliated epithelium of resp tract
Hemagglutinate RBCs
Fevers, Chills, Aches
young and old most susceptible;
not viremic dependent
Vaccine available - trivalent(2A,1B) killed or live-attenuated
treatment - neuraminadase inhibitors oseltamivir(Tamaflu) and zanamivir(Relenza)

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14
Q

Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)

A 
Paramyxoviradae
(-) SS-RNA x1
Enveloped
No vaccine
No long term IgA immunity
passive IVIg mAb for high risk infants (palivizumab)
most common infant LRI; also in elderly
aerosolized ribivirin; uncertain effacacy
no vaccine
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15
Q

SARS

A 
Coronaviridae
Enveloped
helical neucleocapsid
(+) SS-RNA
aerosol droplet transmission
Lower Resp infection w/ subsequent pneumonia
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16
Q

MERS

A 
Coronaviridae
Enveloped
helical neucleocapsid
(+) SS-RNA
aerosol droplet transmission
Fever, cough, dyspnea
Lower Resp infection w/ subsequent pneumonia
50% case-fatality ratio
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17
Q

Parvovirus

A

Non-Envelope
Icosahedral
SS-DNA; Linear
ex. B19 virus

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18
Q

Polyomavirus

A

Non-Envelope
Icosahedral
DS-DNA; Circular; Supercoiled
ex. JC Virus, BK virus

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19
Q

Papillomavirus

A

Non-Envelope
Icosahedral
DS-DNA; Circular; Supercoiled
ex. HPV

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20
Q

Adenovirus

A

Non-Envelope
Icosahedral
DS-DNA; Linear
ex. Adenovirus

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21
Q

Hepadnavirus

A

Envelope
Icosahedral
DS-DNA incomplete circular
ex. Hepatitis B

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22
Q

Herpesvirus

A

Envelope
Icosahedral
DS-DNA, Linear
ex. Herpes Simplex, varicella-zoster, cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr

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23
Q

Poxvirus

A

Envelope
Complex protein coat
DS-DNA; linear
ex, smallpox, molluscum contagiosum virus

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24
Q

Picornavirus

Study These Flashcards
A

Non-Envelope
Icosahedral
(+)SS-RNA; nonsegmented
ex. poliovirus, rhinovirus, hepatitis A

25
Hepevirus
Non-Envelope Icosahedral (+)SS-RNA; non-segmented Hepatitis E
26
Calcivirus
Non-Envelope Icosahedral (+)SS-RNA; non-segmented ex. Norwalk viruses
27
Reovirus
Non-Envelope Icosahedral DS-RNA; Linear 10-11 segments ex Rotavirus
28
Flavivirus
Envelope Icosahedral (+)SS-RNA; Linear ex. yellow fever virus, dengue , West Nile virus, Hepatitis C
29
Togavirus
Envelope Icosahedral (+)SS-RNA; Linear ex. Rubella virus
30
Retrovirus
Envelope Icosahedral (+)SS-RNA (2x identical strands) ex. HIV, T-Cell leukemia virus
31
Orthomyxovirus
Enveloped Helical Protein (-)SS-RNA; x8 segments ex. influenza virus
32
Paramyxovirus
``` Envelope Helical Protein (-) SS-RNA ex. Measles/ Mumps/Parainfluenza 1-4/RSV/ Croup Rx: Aerosol ribavirin ```
33
Rhabdovirus
Envelope Helical (-)SS-RNA ex. rabies virus
34
Filovirus
Envelope Helical (-)SS-RNA ex. ebola virus, marburg virus
35
Coronavirus
Enveloped Helical (-)SS-RNA ex. Coronavirus, SARS, MERS
36
Arenavirus
Enveloped Helical (-)SS-RNA; 2x segments w/ cohesive ends ex. lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus
37
Bunyvirus
Enveloped Helical (-)SS-RNA; 3x segemnts w cohesive ends ex. hantavirus, California encephalitis virus
38
Deltavirus
Enveloped Unknown Protein shape (-)SS-RNA; circular ex. Hepatitis Delta virus (Hep D)
39
Measles
``` Paramyxoviradae Enveloped 1x (-)SS-RNA Helical Nucleocapsid Hemagglutinate RBCs antigenically stable (1x RNA strand) 1 Serotype; Humans sole reservoir Most contagious disease known cyclic epidemics (every 3 years) Transmission by aerosol droplets infection via respiratory tract 14 days incubation Prodromal symptoms: - fever, runny nose, red eyes, - Koplik's Spots; red lesion w/ white center on buccal mucosa - Giant multinucleate cells maculopapular erythematous rash viremia essential for replication infection causes immun anergy for wks-mths Live attenuated w. MMR infection confers life long immunity (IgG) ```
40
Mumps
``` Paramyxoviradae Enveloped 1x (-)SS-RNA Helical Nucleocapsid 1 Serotype Antigenically related to parainfluenza antigenically stable (1x RNA strand) Incubation 18-21 days Transmitted by Aerosol droplets viremia essential for replication Hemagglutinate RBCs Parotid gland swelling (classic sign) Aseptic meningitis (common) Testicular, pancreatic, ovary swelling Live attenuated via MMR no antiviral therapy infection confers life long immunity (IgG) ```
41
Parainfluenza
``` Paramyxoviradae Enveloped 1x (-)SS-RNA Helical Nucleocapsid Local-non systemic infections Hemagglutinate RBCs Not viremic ```
42
JC Virus
``` Papovavirus Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy Only in immunocompromised quick progression blindness, dementia, coma, death ```
43
SSPE
Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis helical nucleocapsid prior measles infection intelectual deteroration, psych disturb, slow decline, blindness, terminal paralysis
44
Hepatitis A Virus
``` Non-Enveloped (+)SS-RNA Icosahedral Picornavirus Fecal-Oral Spread Incubation 30days Sx: anorexia, nausea, fever, jaundice, elevated LFTs Killed Vaccination ```
45
Hepatitis B Virus
``` Hepadnavirus Circular DNA Icosahedral Enveloped Sexual/Blood product Tx perinatal infection RNA dependent RNA Polymerase Incubation 50-180 days (mean 70) HBeAG correlates strongly w/ infection Recombinant Subunit Vaccination Integrates into host genome ```
46
Hepatitis C Virus
``` Flavivirus (+)SS RNA Icosahedral Enveloped Sexual/Blood product transmission Incubation 60days 70-85% become chronic diagnosis by PCR Sx. Jaundice, cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma Prodromal Sx: arthritis, rash No host genome integration ```
47
Hepatitis D
Enveloped (defective) (-)SS-RNA Requires HBV co-infection
48
Hepatitis E
``` Hepevirus Non-Envelope (+)SS-RNA Fecal-Oral Sx. acute fever, nausea, jaundice Developing nations ```
49
HSV-1 /HHV1
Alphaherpesvirinae Large Enveloped Linear dsDNA icosahedral "Upstairs Herpes", Cold sores, Herpetic Whitlow, Herpes gladitorium Latent in Trigeminal Ganglia Latent infections activated by fever, UV light, emotion etc. 80% seroprevalence in adults Can cause encephalitis, periocular herpes, (Herpetic stromal keratitis, acute retinal necrosis, dendritic ulcer) Rx w/ acyclovir
50
HSV-2 /HHV2
``` Alphaherpesvirinae Genital Herpes Herpes Simplex Virus-2 Large Enveloped Linear dsDNA icosahedral "Downstairs Herpes", Genital herpes Latent in Sensory Ganglia Latent infections activated by fever, UV light, emotion etc. 20% seroprevalence in adults Rx w/ acyclovir perinatal infections generally systemic and fatal ```
51
Varicella-Zoster /HHV3
``` Alphaherpesvirinae Chickenpox & Shingles/Zoster alpha herpes virus Large Enveloped Linear dsDNA icosahedral Latent in Sensory Ganglia ```
52
Cytomegalovirus | /HHV5
Betaherpesvirinae Enveloped Linear dsDNA icosahedral - Tx by close contact - 3-12 wk incubation - Sx. normally asymptomatic, Mononucleosis like syndrome but w/ negative heterophile test. Owl eye inclusion, large multinuclear cells, pneumoniapharyo-esophagitis and retinitis - Cytomegalovirus TORCH infection, microcephalic, retardation, neuro-sensory deafness, jaundice, hepato/splenomegaly, anemia Latent in monocytes - no vaccine Rx; ganciclovir - high toxicity, Vitravene - ocular use
53
Epstein-Barr Virus | /HHV8
``` Gammaherpesvirinae Enveloped Linear dsDNA icosahedral Latent in Lymphocytes Infectious Mononucleosis Tx by saliva Sx. fever, sore throat, lymphadenopathy incubation 4-6 wks Abnormal lymphocytes CTLs to attack infected B-Cells Dx. Heterophile test vs sheep RBCs Transforms lymphocytes -Burkits lymphoma and Hodgkins Lymphoma - Nasopharyngeal carcinoma ```
54
Herpes Simplex Virus Encephalitis
HSE High mortality w/ severe neuro sequelae Sx. High fever, confusion, lymphocytes in CSF (PCR) MRI w/ unilateral temporal lobe lesion(s) RX. acyclovir on suspicion
55
Herpes Simplex Keratitis
Keratoconjuctivitis SX. keratitis of bulbar and palpebral conjunctiva +- cornea, unilateral red eye, photophobia RX. acyclovir/topical trifluridine
56
Chickenpox
HHV3 Varicella/Zoster incubation 2-3 weeks prodromal malaise SX. fever, rash of small itchy vesicles Rx calamine lotion w/ acyclovir for severe cases or immunocompromised Varivax live-attenuated for 1-12 years, Oka strain
57
Zoster/Shingles
HHV3 - Varicella Zoster latent infection reactivated prodromal dermatomal pain Sx painful, unilateral , dermatomal lesions Post herpatic neuralgia after symptom resolution Rx acyclovir w/in 1-2 days reduces risk or PHN Zostavax live-attenuated 60+ population
58
HHV-8
Kaposi's Sarcoma Herpes Virus Opportunistic pathogen of the immunosuppressed flat red vascular lesions
59
HHV-6
exanthum subitum (roseola infantum) mild rash OR high fever no rash rare encephalitis

Virology (6 decks)

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