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Virology > Pathogenic Viruses > Flashcards

Pathogenic Viruses Flashcards

1
Q

Polio virus

A 
Picornavirus
Enterovirus
Non-Envelope
(+) SS-RNA
Fecal-Oral transmission
Vaccine available IPV and OPV
GI colonization and transcytosis to nerve cells
Bulbar poliomyelitis - paralyzes respiratory muscles
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2
Q

Coxsackie A virus

A 
Picornavirus
Enterovirus
Non-Envelope
(+) SS-RNA
Fecal-Oral
very stable
Highly infectious w high shed
Hand Foot and Mouth Disease
Aseptic Meningitis
Herpangina (mouth blisters)
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3
Q

Coxsackie B virus

A

Coxsackie B virus
Stable
Infectious w/ high shed
Myocarditis
Pleurodynia/”Bornholm Disease”
Unilateral Chest pain targets intercostals
Possible role in Juvenile DM and Chronic Fatigue
No vaccine
No Anti-Viral
diagnosis by Ab titers and RNA PCR for CSF

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4
Q

ECHO virus

A 
Picornavirus
Enterovirus
Non-Envelope
(+) SS-RNA
32 serotypes
Causes Rashes
Leading cause of aseptic meningitis
No Vaccine
No Antivirals
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5
Q

Rotavirus

A 
Reoviridae 
non-envelope
DS-RNA x10
RDRP dependent
Very stable
Fecal oral, High shed
Main cause 0-18 mo gastroE
Seasonal winter peak
2 day incubation
treat symptomatically
Vaccine available "Rotarix" live-attenuated oral
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6
Q

Norwalk Virus

A 
Caliciviridae
Norovirus
(+) SS-RNA
Non-Envelope
Gastroenteritis
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7
Q

Enterovirus EV70

A 
Picornavirus
Enterovirus
Non-Envelope
(+) SS-RNA
Acute Hemorrhagic Conjunctivitis
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8
Q

EV 71

A 
Picornavirus
Enterovirus
Non-Envelope
(+) SS-RNA 
Hand Foot Mouth Disease
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9
Q

EV72 / Hepatitis A

A 
Picornavirus
Enterovirus
Non-Envelope
(+) SS-RNA
Hepatitis A
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10
Q

Rhinovirus

A 
Picornavirus
Enterovirus
Non-Envelope
(+) SS-RNA
common cause of Common cold
Not enteric pathway (Respiratory tract)
pH 3 killed
cold growth (33C)
Aerosol droplet
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11
Q

Adenoviruses

A 
Adenoviridae
Non-Envelope
DS-DNA
Fecal-Oral, aerosol, direct infection of eyes
remains in adenoids/tonsils
-respiratory diseases
-epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (pink eyes)
- Gastroenteritis
Winter and shoulder seasons
Sarcoma in mice
No vaccine
No treatment
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12
Q

Astroviruses

A 
Astroviridae
Non-Enveloped
Cubic Capsids
(+)SS-RNA
Gastroenteritis
Fever, Nausea, vomiting, Malaise
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13
Q

Influenza

A

Orthomyxoviridae
3-Types (A,B,C)
(-) SS-RNA x 8 w/ separate nucleocapsids
Envelope
Aerosol droplet transmission
Glycoprotein antigens Hemagglutinin and Neuraminidase
destruction of ciliated epithelium of resp tract
Hemagglutinate RBCs
Fevers, Chills, Aches
young and old most susceptible;
not viremic dependent
Vaccine available - trivalent(2A,1B) killed or live-attenuated
treatment - neuraminadase inhibitors oseltamivir(Tamaflu) and zanamivir(Relenza)

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14
Q

Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)

A 
Paramyxoviradae
(-) SS-RNA x1
Enveloped
No vaccine
No long term IgA immunity
passive IVIg mAb for high risk infants (palivizumab)
most common infant LRI; also in elderly
aerosolized ribivirin; uncertain effacacy
no vaccine
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15
Q

SARS

A 
Coronaviridae
Enveloped
helical neucleocapsid
(+) SS-RNA
aerosol droplet transmission
Lower Resp infection w/ subsequent pneumonia
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16
Q

MERS

A 
Coronaviridae
Enveloped
helical neucleocapsid
(+) SS-RNA
aerosol droplet transmission
Fever, cough, dyspnea
Lower Resp infection w/ subsequent pneumonia
50% case-fatality ratio
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17
Q

Parvovirus

A

Non-Envelope
Icosahedral
SS-DNA; Linear
ex. B19 virus

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18
Q

Polyomavirus

A

Non-Envelope
Icosahedral
DS-DNA; Circular; Supercoiled
ex. JC Virus, BK virus

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19
Q

Papillomavirus

A

Non-Envelope
Icosahedral
DS-DNA; Circular; Supercoiled
ex. HPV

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20
Q

Adenovirus

A

Non-Envelope
Icosahedral
DS-DNA; Linear
ex. Adenovirus

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21
Q

Hepadnavirus

A

Envelope
Icosahedral
DS-DNA incomplete circular
ex. Hepatitis B

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22
Q

Herpesvirus

A

Envelope
Icosahedral
DS-DNA, Linear
ex. Herpes Simplex, varicella-zoster, cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr

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23
Q

Poxvirus

A

Envelope
Complex protein coat
DS-DNA; linear
ex, smallpox, molluscum contagiosum virus

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24
Q

Picornavirus

A

Non-Envelope
Icosahedral
(+)SS-RNA; nonsegmented
ex. poliovirus, rhinovirus, hepatitis A

25
Q

Hepevirus

A

Non-Envelope
Icosahedral
(+)SS-RNA; non-segmented
Hepatitis E

26
Q

Calcivirus

A

Non-Envelope
Icosahedral
(+)SS-RNA; non-segmented
ex. Norwalk viruses

27
Q

Reovirus

A

Non-Envelope
Icosahedral
DS-RNA; Linear 10-11 segments
ex Rotavirus

28
Q

Flavivirus

A

Envelope
Icosahedral
(+)SS-RNA; Linear
ex. yellow fever virus, dengue , West Nile virus, Hepatitis C

29
Q

Togavirus

A

Envelope
Icosahedral
(+)SS-RNA; Linear
ex. Rubella virus

30
Q

Retrovirus

A

Envelope
Icosahedral
(+)SS-RNA (2x identical strands)
ex. HIV, T-Cell leukemia virus

31
Q

Orthomyxovirus

A

Enveloped
Helical Protein
(-)SS-RNA; x8 segments
ex. influenza virus

32
Q

Paramyxovirus

A 
Envelope
Helical Protein
(-) SS-RNA 
ex. Measles/ Mumps/Parainfluenza 1-4/RSV/ Croup
Rx: Aerosol ribavirin
33
Q

Rhabdovirus

A

Envelope
Helical
(-)SS-RNA
ex. rabies virus

34
Q

Filovirus

A

Envelope
Helical
(-)SS-RNA
ex. ebola virus, marburg virus

35
Q

Coronavirus

A

Enveloped
Helical
(-)SS-RNA
ex. Coronavirus, SARS, MERS

36
Q

Arenavirus

A

Enveloped
Helical
(-)SS-RNA; 2x segments w/ cohesive ends
ex. lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus

37
Q

Bunyvirus

A

Enveloped
Helical
(-)SS-RNA; 3x segemnts w cohesive ends
ex. hantavirus, California encephalitis virus

38
Q

Deltavirus

A

Enveloped
Unknown Protein shape
(-)SS-RNA; circular
ex. Hepatitis Delta virus (Hep D)

39
Q

Measles

A 
Paramyxoviradae
Enveloped
1x (-)SS-RNA
Helical Nucleocapsid
Hemagglutinate RBCs
antigenically stable (1x RNA strand)
1 Serotype; Humans sole reservoir
Most contagious disease known
cyclic epidemics (every 3 years)
Transmission by aerosol droplets
infection via respiratory tract
14 days incubation
Prodromal symptoms:
- fever, runny nose, red eyes,
- Koplik's Spots; red lesion w/ white center on buccal mucosa
- Giant multinucleate cells
maculopapular erythematous rash
viremia essential for replication
infection causes immun anergy for wks-mths
Live attenuated w. MMR
infection confers life long immunity (IgG)
40
Q

Mumps

A 
Paramyxoviradae
Enveloped
1x (-)SS-RNA
Helical Nucleocapsid
1 Serotype
Antigenically related to parainfluenza
antigenically stable (1x RNA strand)
Incubation 18-21 days
Transmitted by Aerosol droplets
viremia essential for replication
Hemagglutinate RBCs
Parotid gland swelling (classic sign)
Aseptic meningitis (common)
Testicular, pancreatic, ovary swelling
Live attenuated via MMR
no antiviral therapy
infection confers life long immunity (IgG)
41
Q

Parainfluenza

A 
Paramyxoviradae
Enveloped
1x (-)SS-RNA
Helical Nucleocapsid
Local-non systemic infections
Hemagglutinate RBCs
Not viremic
42
Q

JC Virus

A 
Papovavirus
Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy
Only in immunocompromised
quick progression
blindness, dementia, coma, death
43
Q

SSPE

A

Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis
helical nucleocapsid
prior measles infection
intelectual deteroration, psych disturb, slow decline, blindness, terminal paralysis

44
Q

Hepatitis A Virus

A 
Non-Enveloped
(+)SS-RNA
Icosahedral
Picornavirus
Fecal-Oral Spread
Incubation 30days
Sx: anorexia, nausea, fever, jaundice, elevated LFTs
Killed Vaccination
45
Q

Hepatitis B Virus

A 
Hepadnavirus
Circular DNA
Icosahedral
Enveloped
Sexual/Blood product Tx
perinatal infection
RNA dependent RNA Polymerase
Incubation 50-180 days (mean 70)
HBeAG correlates strongly w/ infection
Recombinant Subunit Vaccination
Integrates into host genome
46
Q

Hepatitis C Virus

A 
Flavivirus
(+)SS RNA
Icosahedral
Enveloped
Sexual/Blood product transmission
Incubation 60days
70-85% become chronic
diagnosis by PCR
Sx. Jaundice, cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma
Prodromal Sx: arthritis, rash
No host genome integration
47
Q

Hepatitis D

A

Enveloped (defective)
(-)SS-RNA
Requires HBV co-infection

48
Q

Hepatitis E

A 
Hepevirus
Non-Envelope
(+)SS-RNA
Fecal-Oral
Sx. acute fever, nausea, jaundice
Developing nations
49
Q

HSV-1 /HHV1

A

Alphaherpesvirinae
Large
Enveloped
Linear dsDNA
icosahedral
“Upstairs Herpes”, Cold sores, Herpetic Whitlow, Herpes gladitorium
Latent in Trigeminal Ganglia
Latent infections activated by fever, UV light, emotion etc.
80% seroprevalence in adults
Can cause encephalitis, periocular herpes, (Herpetic stromal keratitis, acute retinal necrosis, dendritic ulcer)
Rx w/ acyclovir

50
Q

HSV-2 /HHV2

A 
Alphaherpesvirinae
Genital Herpes Herpes Simplex Virus-2
Large
Enveloped
Linear dsDNA
icosahedral
"Downstairs Herpes", Genital herpes
Latent in Sensory Ganglia
Latent infections activated by fever, UV light, emotion etc.
20% seroprevalence in adults
Rx w/ acyclovir
perinatal infections generally systemic and fatal
51
Q

Varicella-Zoster /HHV3

A 
Alphaherpesvirinae
Chickenpox & Shingles/Zoster
alpha herpes virus
Large
Enveloped
Linear dsDNA
icosahedral
Latent in Sensory Ganglia
52
Q

Cytomegalovirus

/HHV5

A

Betaherpesvirinae
Enveloped
Linear dsDNA
icosahedral
- Tx by close contact
- 3-12 wk incubation
- Sx. normally asymptomatic, Mononucleosis like syndrome but w/ negative heterophile test. Owl eye inclusion, large multinuclear cells, pneumoniapharyo-esophagitis and retinitis
- Cytomegalovirus TORCH infection, microcephalic, retardation, neuro-sensory deafness, jaundice, hepato/splenomegaly, anemia
Latent in monocytes
- no vaccine
Rx; ganciclovir - high toxicity, Vitravene - ocular use

53
Q

Epstein-Barr Virus

/HHV8

A 
Gammaherpesvirinae
Enveloped
Linear dsDNA
icosahedral
Latent in Lymphocytes
Infectious Mononucleosis
Tx by saliva
Sx. fever, sore throat, lymphadenopathy
incubation 4-6 wks
Abnormal lymphocytes CTLs to attack infected B-Cells
Dx. Heterophile test vs sheep RBCs
Transforms lymphocytes 
-Burkits lymphoma and Hodgkins Lymphoma
- Nasopharyngeal carcinoma
54
Q

Herpes Simplex Virus Encephalitis

A

HSE
High mortality w/ severe neuro sequelae
Sx. High fever, confusion, lymphocytes in CSF (PCR)
MRI w/ unilateral temporal lobe lesion(s)
RX. acyclovir on suspicion

55
Q

Herpes Simplex Keratitis

A

Keratoconjuctivitis
SX. keratitis of bulbar and palpebral conjunctiva +- cornea, unilateral red eye, photophobia
RX. acyclovir/topical trifluridine

56
Q

Chickenpox

A

HHV3 Varicella/Zoster
incubation 2-3 weeks
prodromal malaise
SX. fever, rash of small itchy vesicles
Rx calamine lotion w/ acyclovir for severe cases or immunocompromised
Varivax live-attenuated for 1-12 years, Oka strain

57
Q

Zoster/Shingles

A

HHV3 - Varicella Zoster
latent infection reactivated
prodromal dermatomal pain
Sx painful, unilateral , dermatomal lesions
Post herpatic neuralgia after symptom resolution
Rx acyclovir w/in 1-2 days reduces risk or PHN
Zostavax live-attenuated 60+ population

58
Q

HHV-8

A

Kaposi’s Sarcoma Herpes Virus
Opportunistic pathogen of the immunosuppressed
flat red vascular lesions

59
Q

HHV-6

A

exanthum subitum (roseola infantum)
mild rash OR high fever no rash
rare encephalitis

Virology (6 decks)

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