Quiz 4 cholinergic drugs

Question 1

What are the signs of cholinergic poisoning?

Answer 1

Salivation
Lacrimation
Urinary incontinence
Diarrhea
GI cramps
Emesis

Question 2

Define Muscarinic

Answer 2

Receptors that are G-coupled protein receptors involved in the parasympathetic nervous system. found in the eyes, heart, blood vessels, lungs, bladder, GI, sweat glands, sex organs, and CNS

Question 3

Define Acetylcholine

Answer 3

A chemical messenger, or neurotransmitter. It is important form muscle control, autonomic body functions, and for learning memory and attention.

Indirect-acting cholinergic agonists: Stimulate the postsynaptic release of acetylcholine at the receptor site.
it is the main neurotransmitter of the PSNS

Question 4

Functions of the PSNS

Answer 4

The parasympathetic nervous system is also referred to as the ‘rest and digest’ system as it functions to conserves the body’s natural activity, and relaxes the individual once an emergency has passed.

Constrict pupil, decrease heart rate, contract bronchi, increase gastric secretions, increase peristalsis, emptying bowel, emptying bladder.

Question 5

When a patient is on cholinergic drugs, the nurse should watch for what adverse reactions?

Answer 5

Bradycardia, hypotension, bronchoconstriction, increase of bronchial secretions , excessive salivations, increasing gastric acids, nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, diarrhea.

The nurse should: assess for allergies, presence of GI or Gu obstructions, hypotension, peptic ulcer or heart disease.
Perform base line for V/S
Spread the dose evenly
Have atropine ready as an antidote for cholinergic side effects

Question 6

What is pilocarpine for?

Answer 6

Pilocarpine is a direct-acting cholinergic agent. That directly binds to cholinergic receptors.

Question 7

If a patient overdoses on intravenous cholinergic drug, the nurse expects to administer which drug as an antidote?

Answer 7

Atropine

Question 8

A cholinergic drug is prescribed for a patient with a new diagnosis of myasthenia gravis, what is important to include in the teaching?

Answer 8

Take the medication 30 minutes before eating to improve chewing and swallowing

Question 9

A patient has a prescription for oxybutynin (Ditropan), an anticholinergic drug for overactive bladder. What condition would be considered a contraindication to therapy with this drug?

Answer 9

Oxybutynin is contraindicated in patients with urinary retention, bladder obstruction, poorly controlled narrow-angle glaucoma, obstructive gastric disorders, or gastric dysmotility. In addition, it should not be used in patients who have hypersensitivity to the drug or its components.

Question 10

Anticholinergic drugs block the effects of which nervous system?

Answer 10

They block or inhibit the actions of acetylcholine (Ach) in the parasympathetic system (PSNS).

Question 11

what are the side effects of anticholinergic drugs?

Answer 11

CNS: confusion and hallucinations
EYE: Dilated pupils, decrease visual accommodation (blurry vision) increase intraocular pressure.
Cardiovascular: Tachycardia, dysrhythmias.
Respiratory: Thickening and drying of respiratory secretions.

Question 12

Why would a patient take cholinergic blocker tolterodine (Detrol)?

Answer 12

Tolterodine is a medicine used to treat symptoms of an overactive bladder. These can include: a sudden and urgent need to pee (urinary urgency) needing to pee more often than usual (urinary frequency)

Question 13

Adverse effects of cholinergic drugs?

Answer 13

Bradycardia, hypotension, bronchoconstriction, increase of bronchial secretions , excessive salivations, increasing gastric acids, nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, diarrhea. Lacrimation, sweating, loss of binocular accommodation.

Question 14

What conditions are contraindicated and you won’t administer a cholinergic drug?

Answer 14

Allergy, Peptic ulcer disease (PUD), GI or GU obstructions. Hypotension, Heart disease.

Question 15

lbs to kg conversion

Answer 15

2.2 lb = 1 kg

Question 16

Tsp to mL

Answer 16

1 tsp = 5 mL

Question 17

tbsp to mL

Answer 17

1 tbsp = 15 mL

Question 18

oz to mL

Answer 18

1 oz = 30 mL

Question 19

What is Myasthenia Gravis?

Answer 19

Myasthenia gravis is a chronic autoimmune, neuromuscular disease that causes weakness in the skeletal muscles that worsens after periods of activity and improves after periods of rest. These muscles are responsible for functions involving breathing and moving parts of the body, including the arms and legs.

Question 20

Indirect - acting acetylcholinesterase inhibitors do what

Answer 20

enhance skeletal muscle contractions by preventing Ache from inactivating Ach, thereby increasing the amount of Ach available at the receptor sites.

Question 21

Why would you administer the medication Neostigmine, and what is going on when you do?

Answer 21

Neostigmine is water-soluble, an ionized compound that reversibly inhibits the enzyme acetylcholinesterase. You give to a Pt that suffer from Myasthenia Gravis.